This chapter focuses on intellectual education in Greek cities during the early centuries of Roman rule. The education system remained almost unchanged since the Hellenistic period and comprised three stages of teaching: the elementary level (the learning of writing, reading, and basic mathematics), a secondary level focused on the study of Greek poets in the grammatical schools, and the final stage when young individuals studied in rhetorical, philosophical, and medical schools. This chapter also explores educational institutions in Greek poleis and emphasizes the participation of cities in organizing education mostly through gymnasia. However, it acknowledges that education was primarily provided by private schools and was accessible mainly to young people from the elite. It also examines our understanding of the organization of private schools as well as the role of teachers in cities as officials and local benefactors.