Photocatalytic
hydrogen production technology has emerged as one
of the most promising technologies to address the future energy crisis.
Cd0.9Zn0.1S (CZS) is a promising photocatalyst
for visible light activation but is limited by the slow kinetics of
photoexcited carrier separation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations
based on first-principles showed that the introduction of a cocatalyst,
N-doped graphite carbon (FC@NC), could effectively reduce the adsorption
free energy of hydrogen, thus accelerating the hydrogen reaction kinetics
of CZS. Supported by theoretical predictions, magnetic FC@NC nanoparticles
were successfully prepared by precipitation and calcination and then
combined with tetrapod CZS by ultrasonic self-assembly and calcination
to form the FC@NC/CZS composite photocatalyst with Schottky contact.
The FC@NC/CZS composite photocatalyst with the best mass ratio of
FC@NC proved a considerable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate
up to 79.9 ± 0.1 mmol g–1 h–1 under visible light exposure, which was 4.4 ± 0.1 times that
of pristine CZS, and the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) at 450
nm was as high as 52%. Finally, based on the experimental results
and DFT calculations, a possible mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic
activity of FC@NC/CZS composites with the Schottky heterojunction
was first proposed. In general, we attribute the boosted and stable
photocatalytic property of FC@NC/CZS photocatalytic performance to
the following three aspects: (1) the bimetallic alloy cocatalyst easily
acts as an electron collector, (2) the graphite carbon layer protects
the alloy from oxidation, and (3) the nitrogen-doped carbon layer
provides more active sites for the reaction. This work provided a
green and economical technique for an efficient hydrogen evolution
reaction using light energy in the environment.