The scourge of HIV-related tuberculosis: a cohort study in a district general hospital in Malawi

Harries, A. D.; Nyangulu, D.S.; Kang'ombe, C.; Ndalama, D.; Wirima, Jack J.; Salaniponi, F. M. L.; Liomba, George N.; Maher, Dermot; Nunn, Peter B.

doi:10.1080/00034983.1997.11813202

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Several studies have already demonstrated a high frequency of EPTB in HIV negative patients [19,27], even in a country with high prevalence of HIV infection [28], suggesting that the disease pattern was not influenced by the HIV serostatus. To assess whether considering patients with unknown HIV status as negative could have introduced a bias, the analysis was performed only with HIVpositive and HIV-negative patients, but we provided no evidence of significant association between HIV status and site of involvement (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sociodemographic factors that contribute to the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were identified

Cailhol

Decludt

Che

2005

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sociodemographic factors that contribute to the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were identified

Cailhol

Decludt

Che

2005

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

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“…It fails to inform about the potential of HIV infection to impact on tuberculosis, directly and indirectly, in the age groups at main risk of HIV infection. Nothing is known about the extent of those already infected or about those still at risk of becoming infected in these age groups that increasingly shape the dynamics of tuberculosis in many sub-Saharan countries [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Risk Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual risk of infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis

Rieder

2005

Eur Respir J

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The average annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a calculated average from an observed prevalence of infection, approximating the incidence of infection. It has the potential to be informative about the extent of transmission in a community. Where serial surveys are available, secular trends in transmission might be ascertained. The prerequisite for calculating the average annual risk is the successful determination of the prevalence of infection. Difficulties arising with tuberculin skin-test surveys include logistical problems in sampling a representative portion of the population. Therefore, a compromise assesses the prevalence of infection among school children as an indicator of transmission in the community at large. The utilisation of tuberculin surveys is further compounded by the unpredictable specificity of the tuberculin skin test and, thus, the predictive value of a positive test result. Statistical approaches using mixture analysis may overcome this problem to some extent, but the experience is limited. Cytokine-derived assays, such as the interferon-c release assays, are promising in providing higher specificity, but they require venepuncture.

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“…Ninety-fi ve percent of all TB cases are found in the developing world [8] and has been reported as the leading cause of death among people living with HIV infection, accounting for 33% of deaths due to AIDS [9]. While some individuals die of late diagnosed TB, others die from HIV-related complications [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Keffi and its environs

2009

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Coinfection with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to be a lethal combination especially with its attendant mortality and morbidity. The need to have a baseline data in an environment like Keffi with a HIV/AIDS prevalence of 38.6% necessitated this study. Three hundred and ninety people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were screened for pulmonary tuberculosis. Results of this study showed 16.7% prevalence of coinfection in the population. Gender-related prevalence of coinfection was 19.4% and 14.4% among males and females respectively (P>0.05). Age-related prevalence of coinfection was least among respondents of age below 20 years (13.3%) and highest among those of age above 40 years (20.2%) (P>0.05). Even though statistically insignifi cant by both parameters, these fi ndings are of public health signifi cance. There is therefore an urgent need for immediate intervention to allow for early TB diagnosis, institution of anti-TB treatment and provision of prophylaxis against TB among TB-negative PLWHA.

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The scourge of HIV-related tuberculosis: a cohort study in a district general hospital in Malawi

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Sociodemographic factors that contribute to the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were identified

Sociodemographic factors that contribute to the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were identified

Annual risk of infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Keffi and its environs

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