The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, validity and reliability in pregnant smokers

Abstract

Validity and reliability of the MRSS were shown in a sample of pregnant smokers. Tension reduction was the most important reason for continued smoking, followed by pleasure and addiction. Although the score for nicotine dependence was low, addiction was an important reason for continued smoking during pregnancy; therefore, nicotine replacement therapy could be considered. Half of the respondents experienced depressive symptoms. Hence, it is important to identify those women who need more specialized care, which can include not only smoking cessation counselling but also treatment for depression.

Reasons for betel quid chewing amongst dependent and non-dependent betel quid chewing adolescents: a school-based cross-sectional survey

“…In our study, BQ relaxed adolescents and this made them six times more dependent on it than those who were non-dependent. This was a profound finding in other studies on motives behind smoking in both adults and adolescents [ 29 , 30 ]. Focus on stimulation factor in future interventions for BQ use cessation and reduction in addiction may play a phenomenal role.…”

A survey among women who continued smoking during pregnancy in Slovenia

“…Our findings could be explained based on the power to purchase cigarettes. Some researchers mention stress 15,28 , anxiety and depression 6,29 that might be exacerbated by being employed. More highly educated women with a college degree or higher often fall into this category, despite their knowledge of the harmful effects of smoking 15 .…”

“…More highly educated women with a college degree or higher often fall into this category, despite their knowledge of the harmful effects of smoking 15 . Research shows that they might smoke to improve their immediate sense of well-being or as a quick reward 28 . The present study, unfortunately, did not cover these aspects of smoking.…”

“…It would thus be sensible to upgrade the study with a qualitative approach and examine the reasons for not quitting smoking; it might have been ignorance of the consequences of smoking; possibly it was the women's conscious decision; or they developed such a severe addiction that they lacked the self-confidence to succeed. The last could be true for the women with depression or anxiety symptoms 6 because nicotine withdrawal induces an even more dysphoric mood, insomnia, irritability, anxiety and frustration 28 . De Wilde et al 28 discovered that pregnant smokers perceived smoking as an essential coping mechanism for tension and stress reduction.…”

“…The last could be true for the women with depression or anxiety symptoms 6 because nicotine withdrawal induces an even more dysphoric mood, insomnia, irritability, anxiety and frustration 28 . De Wilde et al 28 discovered that pregnant smokers perceived smoking as an essential coping mechanism for tension and stress reduction. Other prevalent reasons were pleasure and addiction, whereas habit and social function were the least important.…”