The sea and land surface temperature radiometer (SLSTR) detection assembly design and performance

Coppo, P.; Mastrandrea, Carmine; Stagi, M.; Calamai, Luciano; Barilli, Marco; Nieke, Jens

doi:10.1117/12.2029432

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Isoradiance lines for the noise (SWIR bands S5 and S6 and MIR bands S7 and F1) and saturation levels (MIR bands S7 and F1) for SLSTR and noise and saturation for the SWIR and MIR bands (M10, M12 and M13) of VIIRS used in the Nightfire algorithm. The SLSTR noise levels were computed using the End-of-Life noise-equivalent differential reflectance (S5 and S6) and noise-equivalent differential temperature levels (S7 and F1) [47] and were 1.5 × 10 −2 , 8.4 × 10 −3 , 2.6 × 10 −4 and 2.1 × 10 −1 W m −2 µm −1 sr −1 for S5, S6, S7 and F1 respectively. A reflectance of 30% as given in the original works [47] was considered, together with irradiance data from SCIAMACHY http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de/UVSAT/Datasets/solar-reference-data [51], to compute the noise levels.…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of the SLSTR spectral channels with SWIR, MIR and 2 channels in TIR should allow for the detection and characterisation of GF and other hot spots via the SWIR detection and dual Planck curve fitting methodology. Compared to VIIRS, SLSTR is observing in one additional SWIR channel at night-time and it has better signal-to-noise requirements [47,48]. SLSTR can therefore be expected to detect even smaller and cooler hot targets than VIIRS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent Hot Spot Detection and Characterisation Using SLSTR

Caseiro

Rücker²,

Tiemann³

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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Gas flaring is a disposal process widely used in the oil extraction and processing industry. It consists in the burning of unwanted gas at the tip of a stack and due to its thermal characteristic and the thermal emission it is possible to observe and to quantify it from space. Spaceborne observations allows us to collect information across regions and hence to provide a base for estimation of emissions on global scale. We have successfully adapted the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Nightfire algorithm for the detection and characterisation of persistent hot spots, including gas flares, to the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) observations on-board the Sentinel-3 satellites. A hot event at temperatures typical of a gas flare will produce a local maximum in the night-time readings of the shortwave and mid-infrared (SWIR and MIR) channels of SLSTR. The SWIR band centered at 1.61 μm is closest to the expected spectral radiance maximum and serves as the primary detection band. The hot source is characterised in terms of temperature and area by fitting the sum of two Planck curves, one for the hot source and another for the background, to the radiances from all the available SWIR, MIR and thermal infra-red channels of SLSTR. The flaring radiative power is calculated from the gas flare temperature and area. Our algorithm differs from the original VIIRS Nightfire algorithm in three key aspects: (1) It uses a granule-based contextual thresholding to detect hot pixels, being independent of the number of hot sources present and their intensity. (2) It analyses entire clusters of hot source detections instead of individual pixels. This is arguably a more comprehensive use of the available information. (3) The co-registration errors between hot source clusters in the different spectral bands are calculated and corrected. This also contributes to the SLSTR instrument validation. Cross-comparisons of the new gas flare characterisation with temporally close observations by the higher resolution German FireBIRD TET-1 small satellite and with the Nightfire product based on VIIRS on-board the Suomi-NPP satellite show general agreement for an individual flaring site in Siberia and for several flaring regions around the world. Small systematic differences to VIIRS Nightfire are nevertheless apparent. Based on the hot spot characterisation, gas flares can be identified and flared gas volumes and pollutant emissions can be calculated with previously published methods.

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Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Hot Spot Detection and Characterisation Using SLSTR

Caseiro

Rücker²,

Tiemann³

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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“…no. cept of uncertainty validation is presented in detail by Corlett et al (2014). Briefly, the standard deviation of the satellite/drifter differences is comprised of contributions from the satellite and drifter measurements, as well as terms to represent the spatial and temporal differences between the two measurements.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Hrsst-1 and Hrsst-2 Driftersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These can be used directly to monitor the evolution of the surface ocean on decadal timescales and help quantify the intensity of events such as El Niño/La Niña, as well as being useful to constrain climate reanalyses (e.g., Dee et al, 2014). For these reasons, the importance of monitoring SST was recognized as a priority by the Copernicus program, and a sensor aimed at observing SST was included on Sentinel-3 satellites, the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR; Coppo et al, 2013). To deliver the SST data product service (Bonekamp et al, 2016), the dual-view capability and onboard calibration of SLSTR give it comparable accuracy to similar sensors, such as the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR;Llewellyn-Jones et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This drives a requirement for higher accuracy and better knowledge of uncertainties of the surface measurements used for validating the satellite products. This process requires the highest-possible quality in situ measurements, with wellcharacterized uncertainties, so that the error budget of SST products can be investigated (e.g., Corlett et al, 2014). Such investigation requires covering the various regimes of satellite SST retrievals, mandating in turn that the high-quality in situ data be geographically well distributed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Copernicus Surface Velocity Platform drifter with Barometer and Reference Sensor for Temperature (SVP-BRST): genesis, design, and initial results

Poli¹,

Lucas

O’Carroll

et al. 2019

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. To support calibration and validation of satellite sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals, over 60 high-resolution SST (HRSST) drifting buoys were deployed at sea between 2012 and 2017. Their data record is reviewed here. It is confirmed that sea state and immersion depth play an important role in understanding the data collected by such buoys and that the SST sensors need adequate insulation. In addition, calibration verification of three recovered drifters suggests that the sensor drift is low, albeit negative at around −0.01 K year−1. However, the statistical significance of these results is limited, and the calibration procedure could not be exactly reproduced, introducing additional uncertainties into this drift assessment. Based on lessons learnt from these initial buoys, a new sensor package for the Surface Velocity Platform with Barometer (SVP-B) was designed to serve calibration of SST retrievals by European Union's Copernicus satellites. The novel sensor package includes an HRSST sensor calibrated by a metrology laboratory. The sensor includes a pressure probe to monitor immersion depth in calm water and acquires SST data at 1 Hz over a 5 min interval every hour. This enables the derivation of mean SST as well as several percentiles of the SST distribution. The HRSST sensor is calibrated with an uncertainty better than 0.01 K. Analysis of the data collected by two prototypes deployed in the Mediterranean Sea shows that the buoys are able to capture small-scale SST variations. These variations are found to be smaller when the sea state is well mixed and when the buoys are located within eddy cores. This affects the drifter SST data representativeness, which is an aspect of importance for optimal use of these data.

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Calibration approach and plan for the sea and land surface temperature radiometer

Smith

Nightingale

Mortimer

et al. 2014

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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Abstract. The sea and land surface temperature radiometer (SLSTR) to be flown on the European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-3 mission is a multichannel scanning radiometer that will continue the 21 year dataset of the along-track scanning radiometer (ATSR) series. As its name implies, measurements from SLSTR will be used to retrieve global sea surface temperatures to an uncertainty of <0.3 K traced to international standards. To achieve, these low uncertainties require an end-to-end instrument calibration strategy that includes prelaunch calibration at subsystem and instrument level, on-board calibration systems, and sustained postlaunch activities. The authors describe the preparations for the prelaunch calibration activities, including the spectral response, the instrument level alignment tests, and the solar and infrared radiometric calibrations. A purpose built calibration rig has been designed and built at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory space department (RAL Space) that will accommodate the SLSTR instrument, the infrared calibration sources, and the alignment equipment. The calibration rig has been commissioned and results of these tests will be presented. Finally, the authors will present the planning for the on-orbit monitoring and calibration activities to ensure that the calibration is maintained. These activities include vicarious calibration techniques that have been developed through previous missions and the deployment of ship-borne radiometers. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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The sea and land surface temperature radiometer (SLSTR) detection assembly design and performance

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Persistent Hot Spot Detection and Characterisation Using SLSTR

Persistent Hot Spot Detection and Characterisation Using SLSTR

The Copernicus Surface Velocity Platform drifter with Barometer and Reference Sensor for Temperature (SVP-BRST): genesis, design, and initial results

Calibration approach and plan for the sea and land surface temperature radiometer

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