This essay addresses the multiple and interlocking ways in which the criminalization and racialization of the poor, Black community of Africville, Nova Scotia, contributed centrally to its destruction by the City of Halifax during the 1960s. The essay examines a variety of dominant sources, including urban planning studies, academic projects, media reports, and city-commissioned documents that together comprise a body of racialized knowledge about Africville and Black communities in general in this era. This body of knowledge, the author argues, employs discourses of racial inferiority, criminality, and social deviance of the poor, to construct the community as a slum in need of removal.