The seasonal epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in N'Dama cattle in The Gambia

Kaufmann, Johannes; Pfister, Kurt

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(90)90024-6

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In this study, all animals infected with H. contortus showed considerable degree of blood eosinophlia as compared to the non-infected animals indicating the presence of rapid mobilization of circulating eosinophils against H. contortus larvae. This was in agreement with Kaufmann and Pfister (1990); Getachew Terefe et al, (2005), and Yacob Hailu et al, (2002). Eosiniphils mobilized against specific parasites were frequently found to cause immobility and death of larvae of homologous or heterologous parasites often in association with antibodies and/or other factors (Emery et al,., 1993;Dorchies et al,., 1997;Getachew Terefe et al,., 2007).…”

Section: Clinical Responses and Body Weight Changessupporting

confidence: 89%

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Experimental infection of Ethiopian highland sheep by different infective doses of Haemonchus contortus (L3): haematological and parasitological parameters, serum protein concentrations and clinical responses

Kelkele¹,

Tolossa²,

Kassa³

2012

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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The study was conducted to examine changes in haematological and their eventual associations with parasitological parameters and clinical responses in experimentally infected Ethiopian highland sheep by increased doses of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3). A total of 24 male sheep were allotted in to four equal groups: a single dose of 2 000, 4 000, or 6 000 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus (L3) was orally administered to animals from the first 3 groups whereas the last group not treated and served as negative control. The faecal egg count (EPG), the body weight as well as haematological parameters (haematocrit and eosinophils counts) and proteinaemia were measured throughout the experimental 13 weeks long period and worm burden and sex ratio were assessed at necropsy. The infection was confirmed by the occurrence of the faecal egg excretion and by the presence of adult worms in abomasums. All Haemonchus infected sheep exhibited a progressive and severe anaemia characterized by marked reductions of haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit, associated with weight loss and growth retardation and on the contrary with strongly and transiently increased eosinophil population compared to control animals (P<0.01). Except for proteinemia, parasitological, clinical and haematological alterations were significantly proportional to the parasite load. Moreover, the eosinophil counts, the adult worm population and the egg excretion positively and significantly correlated together, whereas they were negatively associated with body weight, proteinemia and the other haematological parameters. All experimentally infected animals appeared to be highly susceptible to the infection by Haemonchus contortus and the severity of the haemonchosis was clearly related to the infective dose.

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Section: Clinical Responses and Body Weight Changessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Differences in body weight between infected and control groups were statistically significant (p<0.001) which agrees with the findings of Barger and Cox (1984); Kaufmann and Pfister (1990) and Yacob Hailu et al, (2009).…”

Section: Clinical Responses and Body Weight Changessupporting

confidence: 89%

Experimental infection of Ethiopian highland sheep by different infective doses of Haemonchus contortus (L3): haematological and parasitological parameters, serum protein concentrations and clinical responses

Kelkele¹,

Tolossa²,

Kassa³

2012

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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“…In contrast to the general pattern described by Hörchner [6], Toxocara vitulorum is not important in The Gambia [9] and the Casamance region, Senegal [4]. Two treatments in the rainy season reduce the seasonal peak considerably, despite rapid reinfection after the first treatment in July.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Because almost all animals harbour gastrointestinal nematodes [9,14] and the sensitivity of the McMaster technique is poor, the analyses focused on the identification of the effect of strategic anthelmintic treatments (in July and September) and on the most important determinants of FEC levels. The FEC data were sorted by individual animals in the order of the sampling sequence.…”

Section: Data Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in N'Dama cattle, which emphasises the importance of gastrointestinal nematode control for the maintenance of trypanotolerance in this breed. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum radiatum and Bunostomum phlebotomum in west African cattle is close to 100% [9,[14][15][16]. Over 80% of the nematode burden in Gambian N'Dama cattle occurs during the rainy season [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of strategic gastrointestinal nematode control on faecal egg count in traditional west African cattle

Zinsstag

Ankers²,

Njie

et al. 2000

Vet. Res.

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-This paper reports on the effect of strategic anthelmintic treatments and other determinants on faecal egg counts (FEC) of Trichostrongyles in N'Dama cattle of a west African village. Initially, 527 animals from 13 private N'Dama cattle herds were monitored in a longitudinal study from October 1989 to December 1994. Each herd was stratified by age and animals were sequentially allocated to two groups with similar age distributions. One group received a single anthelmintic treatment of fenbendazole (7.5 mg/kg BW), in October 1989 (n = 250), whereas the other group remained untreated (n = 277) throughout the study. In the next rainy season (June to October), the treated animals were treated twice (in July and September). The same treatment schedule was used in the subsequent rainy seasons until December 1994. Biannual anthelmintic treatments decreased the level of FEC between 31% (late dry season) and 57% (rainy season), when compared to untreated controls. The highest levels of FEC were found during the rainy season from June to October. FEC levels decreased until 4 years of age, after which they remained on a constant low level. The variability of returns to anthelmintic treatments between herds did not seem to be influenced by FEC at the herd level. The financial evaluation of anthelmintic interventions cannot be predicted from FEC and must necessarily rely on the direct monitoring of livestock productivity parameters.gastrointestinal nematodes / N'Dama cattle / faecal egg count / strategic control / fenbendazole Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 259-266 259

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Effect of a single dry season anthelmintic treatment of N'Dama cattle on communal pastures in The Gambia

1995

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The effect of a single anthelmintic treatment of cattle during the early dry season was studied. One hundred and sixty-six N'Dama cattle, 1-3 years old, were selected from five herds. There were 65 males and 101 females divided into two groups of 83 animals each. One group was treated with fenbendazole at 7.5 mg/kg body weight by mouth in November 1992; the other group remained as the untreated control. At monthly intervals from November 1992 to April 1993, each animal was weighed and the number of eggs/g of faeces (epg) was determined. The infective larvae (L3) were examined following culture of pooled samples from each group of animals. In April 1993, 6 animals (3 treated and 3 controls) from the herds under study were necropsied. The difference in the weight gains (4.6 kg) of the two groups was highly significant (p < 0.0001). The difference in the weight gains and the epg between the treated and control groups was influenced by the age of the animals. Of the treated animals, one contained no nematodes, one contained only 25 Oesophagostomum radiatum, and the third contained 25 Cooperia L4. The three untreated animals were all infected. It was concluded that the treatment in early dry season, with an anthelmintic effective against both adults and larvae, led to a significant reduction in egg counts, to elimination of adults and hypobiotic larvae and, consequently, to an increase in the body weight gain by the treated animals.

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The seasonal epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in N'Dama cattle in The Gambia

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental infection of Ethiopian highland sheep by different infective doses of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> (L<sub>3</sub>): haematological and parasitological parameters, serum protein concentrations and clinical responses

Experimental infection of Ethiopian highland sheep by different infective doses of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> (L<sub>3</sub>): haematological and parasitological parameters, serum protein concentrations and clinical responses

Effect of strategic gastrointestinal nematode control on faecal egg count in traditional west African cattle

Effect of a single dry season anthelmintic treatment of N'Dama cattle on communal pastures in The Gambia

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