The Seasonal Occurrence of Strongyloides ratti Sandground, 1925 and of S. venezuelensis Brumpt, 1934 in a Population of Rattus norvegicus

Wertheim, Guta; Lengy, J.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x00033940

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The species is common in the field in rats and has also been reported in mice. 34,35 Because it is a facultative parasite which has both a free‐living, sexual phase in the life cycle and a parasitic, parthenogenetic phase it is considered to be a nematode which has yet to develop an absolute dependency on a host species. 36 In this study we tested the hypothesis that IL‐5 is important in limiting Strongyloides ratti infections in mice by quantifying the infection in IL‐5 deficient and wild‐type mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of primary Strongyloides ratti infections in mice: a role for interleukin‐5

Ovington¹,

McKie²,

Matthaei

et al. 1998

Immunology

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C57BL/6 mice genetically deficient in interleukin-5 (IL-5-/-) and normal C57BL/6 (IL-5+/+) mice were infected with larvae of a homogonic strain of the nematode Strongyloides ratti. In primary infections both male and female IL-5-/- mice released two to four times more eggs and larvae than IL-5+/+ mice. IL-5-/- mice harboured about 60% more intestinal worms, which were more fecund, than IL-5+/+ mice. The duration of the infection was similar in normal and IL-5-deficient mice. Both IL-5-/- and IL-5+/+ mice resisted a secondary infection. IL5-/- mice lost more weight during the infection than normal mice and took longer to regain their initial weight after expelling the worms. The number of eosinophils increased in the bone marrow, peritoneal cavity and small intestine of IL-5+/+ mice, but not IL-5-/- mice, following infection. No significant differences between infected IL-5+/+ and IL-5-/- mice in mast cells or other leucocytes were observed in the peritoneal cavity. Thus, IL-5 functions to protect the host in a primary infection of S. ratti by limiting the number and fecundity of worms establishing in the small intestine. This protection is correlated with elevated blood and tissue eosinophilia which occurs in normal mice but not in IL-5-/- mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of primary Strongyloides ratti infections in mice: a role for interleukin‐5

Ovington¹,

McKie²,

Matthaei

et al. 1998

Immunology

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“…Infection of rats with S. venezuelensis was first reported in Venezuela (Brump, 1934) and briefly described, however, it was latter redescribed in New Orleans (Little, 1961). It has also been reported from Brazil (Araujo, 1967), Japan (Hasegawa et al., 1988) and Israel (Wertheim and Lengy, 1964). S. venezuelensis is mainly found in warmer regions 35° north and south of the equator, whereas S. ratti appears to have a worldwide distribution and has been reported in Jamaica (Waugh et al., 2006), Japan (Shintoku et al., 2005) and England (Fisher and Viney, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Internal parasitic burdens in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Grenada, West Indies

Coomansingh-Springer

Vishakha

Acuña

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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This study identified the endoparasites in Brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus) during May to July 2017 in Grenada, West Indies. A total of 162 rats, 76 females and 86 males were trapped from St. George and St. David parishes in Grenada. The collected fecal samples were examined for parasitic eggs and/or oocysts using simple fecal flotation technique. Adult parasites found in the intestinal tract were examined for identification. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among rats was 79 %. Ten helminth species were recovered, several of which were reported for the first time in rodents in Grenada. The internal parasites consist of seven nematodes ( Angiostrongylus spp., Nippostrongylus braziliensis , Heterakis spumosa , Strongyloides ratti , Aspiculuris tetraptera , Syphacia spp. and Protospirura spp.), one cestode ( Hymenolepsis diminuta ), one acanthocephalan ( Moniliformis moniliformis ) and one protozoa species ( Eimeria spp.). The most prevalent zoonotic species were Angiostrongylus spp. (35.2%), Hymenolepsis diminuta (7.4%) and Moniliformis moniliformis (3.1%). Several nonzoonotic endoparasites; which included Nippostrongylus braziliensis (50.6%), Heterakis spumosa (15.4%), Strongyloides ratti (43.2%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (2.5%), Syphacia spp . (1.9%), Protospirura spp. (1.2%) and Eimeria spp. (4.7%) were also identified. The most prevalent parasites were Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (50.6%), Strongyloides ratti (43.2%) and Angiostrongylus spp. (35.2%). Co-infections occurred with up to six species per rat showing different combinations of parasitic infections.

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“…The strain used was isolated by Wertheim from a wild rat in Israel and maintained in laboratory rats by Katz continuously since 1964 (NOLAN & KATZ, 1981). In addition, worms with the same morphological characteristics, distinct from S. ratti, have been identified in wild rats from Venezuela (BRUMPT, 1947); New Orleans, USA (LITTLE, 1961); Israel (WERTHEIM, 1963, WERTHEIM & LENGY, 1964; Baltimore, USA (LITTLE, 1966) and Sao Paulo, Brazil (ARAUJO, 1967). However, the present findings with respect to development in the host are not unique, for NOLAN & KATZ (1981) reported a proportional yield of only 0-0316 from an injection of 4000 L3's per animal in 2 non reproducing CAMM SD/BR rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The course of infection in rats given small primary doses of Strongyloides ratti and S. venezuelensis

1989

J. Helminthol.

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Development of exact doses (<100) of Strongyloides venezuelensis third-stage larvae in adult Wistar rats was insignificant (mean proportion of 0·076 of the dose at day 8, n = 16) compared with a homogonic strain of S. ratti (0·538, n = 6; 0·726, n = 6) and heterogonic S. ratti (0·681, n = 6). Newly-weaned Wistars allowed development of a mean proportion of S. venezuelensis of 0·298 (n = 4) compared with 0·013 (n = 4) of the same sample of larvae in adult hosts. Experiments with 75Se-labelled larvae established that S. venezuelensis effectively failed to migrate from skin to intestine in adult animals, while mean proportions of 0·141 (n = 5) and 0·138 (n = 4) of the label was found in the intestines of newly-weaned rats 72 h after skin application. Labelled larvae of homogonic S. ratti migrated equally well in both age groups of host (0·350 and 0·358 in 12- and 3-week-olds respectively). Adult S. venezuelensis transferred surgically to the intestines of previously uninfected full-grown Wistars survived over a 21-day period to the same extent as either strain of S. ratti. Resistance of Wistar rats to S. venezuelensis therefore appears to affect the migratory stage preferentially. S. venezuelensis developed better in mature PVG inbred rats (mean = 0·301, n = 20). Studies of S. ratti showed that infections of both strains initiated by exact (<100) doses in Wistar rats had decayed to insignificance between days 26 and 32. The rate of loss of adults of the heterogonic strain was significantly greater than that for the homogonic. The egg content of worms declined as infection progressed and rats were idiosyncratic in their influence on parasite reproduction from the earliest time of sampling (8 d). It was established that ‘autoinfection’ was an unlikely feature of the biology of homogonic S. ratti following the surgical transfer of 450 first-stage larvae to the intestines of 8 adult Wistar rats. No evidence of infection appeared in the guts of these animals 8 days post-transfer. The significance of these results in terms of the biology of Strongyloides spp. naturally occurring in the rat is discussed.

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The Seasonal Occurrence of Strongyloides ratti Sandground, 1925 and of S. venezuelensis Brumpt, 1934 in a Population of Rattus norvegicus

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Regulation of primary Strongyloides ratti infections in mice: a role for interleukin‐5

Regulation of primary Strongyloides ratti infections in mice: a role for interleukin‐5

Internal parasitic burdens in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Grenada, West Indies

The course of infection in rats given small primary doses of Strongyloides ratti and S. venezuelensis

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