The Second Chance Act and the Future of Reentry Reform

O’Hear, Michael M.

doi:10.1525/fsr.2007.20.2.75

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Strict adherence to the law (legalism) has consisted of astonishing harshness in sentencing (mass incarceration) and a tendency to view offenders as undifferentiated, willful lawbreakers not as individual human beings with unique needs and limitations (O'Hear 2007). Increased attention towards reentry helped SCA legislation come to fruition.…”

Section: Background Of the Second Chance Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Media framing of parole and reentry become increasingly important when public policy and new research relies on community support; Experts in the field of criminal justice agree that reducing crime requires a collaborative effort and must include a focus on improving the lives of ex-inmates post-prison. American criminal justice policy has been dominated by a legalist mind-set (consistent severe penal response to deter crime and reinforce law-based moral norms (O'Hear 2007). The legalist approach to criminal justice is contrasted with a harm-reduction approach which deliberately avoids moral condemnation and recognizes that criminal acts may sometimes represent a failing of society as much as a failing of the criminal.…”

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2015

McNair

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About the ProgramThe Portland State University (PSU) Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program at Portland State University works with motivated and talented undergraduates who want to pursue PhDs. It introduces juniors and seniors who are first-generation and lowincome, and/or members of under-represented groups to academic research and to effective strategies for getting into and graduating from PhD programs.The McNair Scholars Program has academic-year activities and a full-time summer research internship. Scholars take academic and skills-building seminars and workshops during the year, and each scholar works closely with a faculty mentor on original research in the summer. Scholars present their research findings at the McNair Summer Symposium and at other conferences, and are encouraged to publish their papers in the McNair Journal and other scholarly publications.The Ronald E. McNair Post-baccalaureate Achievement Program was established in 1986 by the U.S. Department of Education and named in honor of Challenger Space Shuttle astronaut Dr. Ronald E. McNair. The program, whichhas been on campus since 2003, is funded by a $1,155,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Education and institutional cost-share funds.The McNair Scholars Program's student-centered approach relies heavily on faculty and university commitment. Activities and opportunities provided by the program focus on building a positive academic community for the scholars while they are undergraduates at PSU. About Ronald E. McNairRonald Erwin McNair was born October 21, 1950 in Lake City, South Carolina. While in junior high school, Dr. McNair was inspired to work hard and persevere in his studies by his family and by a teacher who recognized his scientific potential and believed in him. Dr While working as a staff physicist with Hughes Research Laboratory, Dr. McNair soon became a recognized expert in laser physics. His many distinctions include being a Presidential Scholar (1971-74), a Ford Foundation Fellow (1971-74), a National Fellowship Fund Fellow (1974, and a NATO Fellow (1975). He was also a sixth degree black belt in karate and an accomplished saxophonist. Because of his many accomplishments, he was selected by NASA for the space shuttle program in 1978.His first space shuttle mission launched successfully from Kennedy Space Center on February 3, 1984. Dr. Ronald E. McNair was the second African American to fly in space. Two years later he was selected to serve as mission specialist aboard the illfated U.S. Challenger space shuttle. He was killed instantly when the Challenger exploded one minute, thirteen seconds after it was launched. Dr. McNair was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. After his death in the Challenger Space Shuttle accident on January 28, 1986, members of Congress provided funding for the Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program. Their goal was to encourage low-income and first-generation college students, and students from historically underrepresented ethnic groups to expand their e...

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Section: Background Of the Second Chance Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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2015

McNair

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“…The alarming monetary and social costs of mass incarceration along with the growing numbers of released offenders and high recidivism rates have together created a national focus on prisoner reentry (O'Hear 2007). This focus has led to major reentry initiatives, including SCA and its predecessor, the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI).…”

Section: Previous Reentry Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making the most of second chances: an evaluation of Minnesota's high-risk revocation reduction reentry program

Clark

2014

J Exp Criminol

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Objectives To assess whether a reentry program targeted towards high-risk offenders leaving Minnesota state prisons significantly reduced recidivism. Methods Adult male release violators serving incarceration periods of 2-6 months in two Minnesota state prisons were randomly assigned to either the control group (n=77) or the High-Risk Revocation Reduction (HRRR) program (n=162). The latter group was provided with supplemental case planning, housing, employment, mentoring, cognitive-behavioral programming, and transportation assistance services, while the former group was given standard case management services. After 1-2 years of postrelease follow-up time, event history analysis was used to predict the following four measures of recidivism: supervised release revocation, rearrest, reconviction, and new offense reincarceration. Results The Cox regression analyses revealed that participation in HRRR significantly lowered the risk of supervised release revocations and reconvictions by 28 and 43 %, respectively. Regardless of treatment or control group membership, receiving more reentry assistance significantly reduced supervision revocation and rearrest. Analyses also revealed that employment assistance, including subsidized employment, was especially effective at reducing recidivism. Conclusions Targeting resources towards this previously under-served population may be useful for lowering overall rates of recidivism. However, a later follow-up analysis is needed to ensure that these results remain over time.

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“…Even when judges, prosecutors, and defense counsel are willing to participate in reentry work, logistical issues of organizational responsibility, workload, funding, staff motivation, and skills training can undermine the implementation of key principles (Drug Courts Program Office 1997) and limit the impact of these professionals on recidivism rates (e.g., Lipsey and Cullen 2007). Nevertheless, the concept of offender reentry has attracted a great deal of attention within the federal criminal justice system (e.g., Department of Justice 2013b; Lattimore and Visher 2009;Listwan et al 2008;O'Hear 2007;Winterfield et al 2006); today, new techniques and tools are helping to reshape federal community corrections.…”

Section: The Face Of American Criminal Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

A Decoupled System: Federal Criminal Justice and the Structural Limits of Transformation

Oleson

2014

Justice System Journal

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The Second Chance Act and the Future of Reentry Reform

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

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Making the most of second chances: an evaluation of Minnesota's high-risk revocation reduction reentry program

A Decoupled System: Federal Criminal Justice and the Structural Limits of Transformation

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