“…A wide range of magnetocaloric materials exhibit first- and/or second-order phase transitions, each with its advantages and limitations. , Materials with first-order phase transitions, such as Gd 5 (SiGe) 4 , Fe–Rh, , Ni–Mn-based Heusler alloys, − and certain compound types such as La(Fe,Si) 13 − and Fe 2 P, , demonstrate significant MCEs due to field-induced magnetostructural transitions. However, these materials often suffer from hysteresis losses, − mechanical failures caused by volume changes, , and reduced cyclic magnetic field performance. , On the other hand, materials with second-order phase transitions (specifically magnetic transition from the ferro- to the paramagnetic state at the Curie temperature), including Gd, Gd–Y, high-entropy transition-metal NiFeCoCrPd 0.5 alloys, Ni–Mn-based Heusler alloys, , and Fe 2 AlB 2 , , offer stable and reversible MCEs without significant volume changes or hysteresis. Among the various magnetocaloric materials, Gd has been widely regarded as the benchmark material for room-temperature magnetocaloric devices. , However, the high cost and criticality of Gd have impeded its widespread commercial utilization. − As an alternative, Fe 2 AlB 2 -type MAB (Mn–Al–B) phases have emerged as promising candidates for room-temperature magnetocaloric applications due to their low cost, low criticality, and scalability. , Moreover, Fe 2 AlB 2 exhibits remarkable mechanical and thermal properties, including high strength, good thermal conductivity, and thermal stability.…”