The Second Spacer Cation Assisted Growth of a 2D Perovskite Film with Oriented Large Grain for Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Abstract

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Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Small Molecular Hole Transport Material C8‐Dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene

“…The MAPbI 3 film on the 150 °C annealed C 8 ‐BTBT layer presents the highest intensity of the (110) diffraction peak and the weakest diffraction peak of PbI 2 , indicating the highest film quality, consistent with the SEM images shown in Figures and . These results indicate that high quality MAPbI 3 film with large grain size, less grain boundary and high crystallinity is formed with the aid of applying 150 °C annealed C 8 ‐BTBT as HTL, leading to improved charge transport and decreased nonradiative recombination, which are responsible for the increased J sc and FF values in the corresponding PVSC …”

2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Well Materials and Their Dramatical X-ray Optoelectronic Properties

“…Introducing binary organic spacers can successfully build fabricated vertically oriented structure as the second spacer can generate aggregates that tend to form large crystal grains with preferable vertical orientation [51,52]. Inserting structurally symmetric guanidinium (GA) as a second spacer in the BA 2 MA 4 Pb 5 I 16 2D OIHP film can result in better crystallinity than using PEA because GA has better solubility in the solvent DMF, thereby allowing even distribution of amino groups and favoring the formation of oriented structure (Figure 9) [53].…”

Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Aromatic Ammonium‐based Two‐Dimensional Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites via Tuning CH···π Interaction

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] Among all these studies, the most commonly used large organic spacer cations are butylammonium (BA) and phenethylammonium (PEA). [22] By mixing with other cations [23][24][25][26][27] or using additive such as NH 4 SCN, [19,28,29] NH 4 Cl [19] or MACl, [30] the PV efficiency has been further improved to close to 15% in BA or PEA based 2D perovskite solar cells. [19,24,25] Without mixing cation or using additive, BA based 2D perovskite solar cells can achieve relatively better efficiency, ~ 12% for <n>=4 and 11% for <n>=3; [15] in contrast, PEA based systems only achieved ~ 7% for <n>=3 and ~ 9% for <n>=4.…”

“…[22] By mixing with other cations [23][24][25][26][27] or using additive such as NH 4 SCN, [19,28,29] NH 4 Cl [19] or MACl, [30] the PV efficiency has been further improved to close to 15% in BA or PEA based 2D perovskite solar cells. [19,24,25] Without mixing cation or using additive, BA based 2D perovskite solar cells can achieve relatively better efficiency, ~ 12% for <n>=4 and 11% for <n>=3; [15] in contrast, PEA based systems only achieved ~ 7% for <n>=3 and ~ 9% for <n>=4. [31] However, PEA based 2D perovskites are more interesting from the perspective of introducing large functional conjugated organic cations into 2D perovskites, [32] since PEA is perhaps the smallest conjugated cation.…”