The secrets of how sperm really swim

Wilson, Clare

doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(19)30221-0

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Quadrupedal and bipedal walking appears limited to tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus spp.) in extant species, although a pacing gait has been reported during swimming in red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) (Wilson 1974), and it has been suggested that extinct sthenurines used bipedal striding (Janis et al 2014). The most ubiquitous gait is bipedal hopping.…”

Section: )]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Australia’s unique hopping species: a comparative review of the musculoskeletal system and locomotor biomechanics in Macropodoidea

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kangaroos and other macropodoids stand out among mammals for their unusual hopping locomotion and body shape. This review examines the scaling of hind- and forelimb bones, and the primary ankle extensor muscles and tendons. We find that the scaling of the musculoskeletal system is sensitive to the phylogenetic context. Tibia length increases with positive allometry among most macropodoids, but negative allometry in eastern grey kangaroos and isometry in red kangaroos. Femur length decreases with stronger negative allometry in eastern grey and red kangaroos than among other macropodoids. Muscle masses scale with negative allometry in western grey kangaroos and with isometry in red kangaroos, compared to positive allometry in other macropodoids. We further summarise the work on the hopping gait, energetics in macropodoids, and stresses in the musculoskeletal system in an evolutionary context, to determine what trade-offs may limit locomotor performance in macropodoids. When large kangaroos hop, they do not increase oxygen consumption with speed, unlike most mammals, including small hopping species. We conclude that there is not enough information to isolate the biomechanical factors that make large kangaroos so energy efficient. We identify key areas for further research to fill these gaps.

show abstract

Section: )]mentioning

confidence: 99%