The sedimentary and environmental history of Tortonian-Messinian lakes at the east Mediterranean margins (northern Israel)

Rozenbaum, A.G.; Sandler, Amir; Stein, Mordechai; Zil'berman, E. N.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.12.005

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The Tortonian waterbody of the Northern Israel valleys, termed Lake Bira (Fig. C), extended from the Upper Galilee Mountains in the north to the Samaria Hills in the south, including the area of the modern Sea of Galilee (Rozenbaum et al ., ). The sediments that were deposited in the lake comprise the Bira Formation (~10 to 7 Ma; Rozenbaum et al ., ) which consists of limestones and dolostones, with some marlstones and evaporites (for example, gypsum in the Kinnarot Basin), and basaltic flows and tuffs (Fig.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A topographic barrier separated Lake Bira from the Mediterranean Sea, and was occasionally crossed by marine intrusions (Schulman, ; Zak, ; Shaliv, ), as indicated by layers of marine fossils, especially a ‘lumachelle’ bed from the uppermost part of the formation (Blake, ; Picard, ; Bentor, ; Greenberg, ; Schulman, ; Shaliv, ). The lake received freshwater from runoff and groundwater draining the Upper Cretaceous marine carbonates of Mount Carmel, the Upper Galilee Mountains and Samaria Hills (Rozenbaum et al ., ).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The thickness of the Bira Formation varies over short distances across Northern Israel, from a few tens of metres at the Lower Galilee area and Yizre'el Valley to more than 350 m in the Kinnarot Basin (Schulman, ; Shaliv, ; Rozenbaum et al ., , ). A topographic barrier separated Lake Bira from the Mediterranean Sea, and was occasionally crossed by marine intrusions (Schulman, ; Zak, ; Shaliv, ), as indicated by layers of marine fossils, especially a ‘lumachelle’ bed from the uppermost part of the formation (Blake, ; Picard, ; Bentor, ; Greenberg, ; Schulman, ; Shaliv, ).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study area is marked by a red rectangle. (C) Simplified palaeogeographic reconstruction, superimposed on the modern geography, of the Tortonian Lake Bira during its maximal distribution (modified after Rozenbaum et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…). The studied sedimentary sequence comprises the Bira and Gesher formations of Tortonian and Messinian ages, respectively (Rozenbaum et al ., , ). The excellent field exposures of the Bira and Gesher formations and good preservation of dolomite minerals, which did not suffer significant burial diagenesis, make these formations an ideal target for studying the processes involved with lacustrine dolomite formation in a continental environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)

et al. 2019

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The study focuses on the formation of lacustrine dolomite in late Miocene lakes, located at the East Mediterranean margins (Northern Israel). These lakes deposited the sediments of the Bira (Tortonian) and Gesher (Messinian) formations that comprise sequences of dolostone and limestone. Dolostones are bedded, consist of small-sized (<7 lm), Ca-rich (52 to 56 mol %) crystals with relatively low ordering degrees, and present evidence for replacement of CaCO 3 components. Limestones are comprised of a wackestone to mudstone matrix, freshwater macrofossils and intraclasts (mainly in the Bira Formation). Sodium concentrations and isotope compositions differ between limestones and dolostones: Na =~100 to 150 ppm;~1000 to 2000 ppm; d 18 O = À3Á8 to À1Á6&; À2Á0 to +4Á3&; d 13 C = À9Á0 to À3Á4&; À7Á8 to 0& (VPDB), respectively. These results indicate a climate-related sedimentation during the Tortonian and early Messinian. Wet conditions and positive freshwater inflow into the carbonate lake led to calcite precipitation due to intense phytoplankton blooms (limestone formation). Dry conditions and enhanced evaporation led to precipitation of evaporitic CaCO 3 in a terminal lake, which caused an increased Mg/Ca ratio in the residual waters and penecontemporaneous dolomitization (dolostone formation). The alternating lithofacies pattern reveals eleven short-term wet-dry climate-cycles during the Tortonian and early Messinian. A shift in the environmental conditions under which dolomite formed is indicated by a temporal decrease in d 18 O of dolostones and Na content of dolomite crystals. These variations point to decreasing evaporation degrees and/or an increased mixing with meteoric waters towards the late Messinian. A temporal decrease in d 13 C of dolostones and limestones and appearance of microbial structures in close association with dolomite suggest that microbial activity had an important role in allowing dolomite formation during the Messinian. Microbial mediation was apparently the main process that enabled local growth of dolomite under wet conditions during the latest Messinian.

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Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)

et al. 2019

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Raman spectroscopic search for scytonemin and gloeocapsin in endolithic colonizations in large gypsum crystals

Němečková

Culka

Němec

et al. 2021

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Rock-dwelling microorganisms are frequently exposed to intense UV-radiation, and thus, they synthesize specialized UV-protective pigments. In this study, Raman microspectrometry was used for analysis of noncarotenoid UV-protective pigments of dark-pigmented endolithic colonization found in gypsum outcrops from three areas (Sicily, Poland and Israel). Samples were investigated using 445-, 532-and 780-nm excitation lasers. Two noncarotenoid UV-protective pigments scytonemin and gloeocapsin were detected in all studied sites. Major Raman bands of scytonemin were found at around 1593, 1552, 1438 and 1173 cm À1 . Gloeocapsin shows characteristic Raman bands similar to anthraquinone-based parietin of lichens: at 1665, 1575, 1378, 1310 and 465 cm À1 . Scytonemin and gloeocapsin are highly specific for cyanobacteria and therefore can be used as biomarkers of certain taxa of cyanobacteria. Detection of such pigments by Raman spectroscopy using three excitation wavelengths allows to gather more information about the composition of endolithic consortia using relatively fast and noninvasive methods and in their natural habitats.

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Comparative analysis of cyanobacterial communities in gypsum outcrops: insights from sites in Israel and Poland

Němečková,

Mareš,

Košek

et al. 2024

Extremophiles

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The sedimentary and environmental history of Tortonian-Messinian lakes at the east Mediterranean margins (northern Israel)

Cited by 16 publications

References 74 publications

Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)

Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)

Raman spectroscopic search for scytonemin and gloeocapsin in endolithic colonizations in large gypsum crystals

Comparative analysis of cyanobacterial communities in gypsum outcrops: insights from sites in Israel and Poland

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