The seismic velocity and Poisson's ratio structure of the Kapuskasing uplift from laboratory measurements

Salisbury, Matthew H.; Fountain, David M.

doi:10.1139/e94-095

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Both the P and S wave velocities of each sample were measured at hydrostatic confining pressures up to 600 MPa using standard pulse transmission methods [ Christensen , ]. The localities, densities, and modal compositions of the 25 samples from this study, collected from metamorphic belts in Canada and China and measured using our pressure apparatus (a 7 t, double‐walled steel vessel with a 40 cm long by 10 cm diameter working chamber, which operated to a pressure up to 650 MPa [ Ji et al , ; Salisbury and Fountain , ]), are listed in Table S1 along with one or two key references about their geological settings. P waves were generated and received by lead zirconate transducers with a 1 MHz resonance frequency, while S waves were generated and received using lead zirconate‐titanate transducers.…”

Section: Measurements Of Seismic Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and symmetry of seismic anisotropy in mica‐ and amphibole‐bearing metamorphic rocks and implications for tectonic interpretation of seismic data from the southeast Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2015

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We calibrated the magnitude and symmetry of seismic anisotropy for 132 mica‐ or amphibole‐bearing metamorphic rocks to constrain their departures from transverse isotropy (TI) which is usually assumed in the interpretation of seismic data. The average bulk Vp anisotropy at 600 MPa for the chlorite schists, mica schists, phyllites, sillimanite‐mica schists, and amphibole schists examined is 12.0%, 12.8%, 12.8%, 17.0%, and 12.9%, respectively. Most of the schists show Vp anisotropy in the foliation plane which averages 2.4% for phyllites, 3.3% for mica schists, 4.1% for chlorite schists, 6.8% for sillimanite‐mica schists, and 5.2% for amphibole schists. This departure from TI is due to the presence of amphibole, sillimanite, and quartz. Amphibole and sillimanite develop strong crystallographic preferred orientations with the fast c axes parallel to the lineation, forming orthorhombic anisotropy with Vp(X) > Vp(Y) > Vp(Z). Effects of quartz are complicated, depending on its volume fraction and prevailing slip system. Most of the mica‐ or amphibole‐bearing schists and mylonites are approximately transversely isotropic in terms of S wave velocities and splitting although their P wave properties may display orthorhombic symmetry. The results provide insight for the interpretation of seismic data from the southeast Tibetan Plateau. The N‐S to NW‐SE polarized crustal anisotropy in the Sibumasu and Indochina blocks is caused by subvertically foliated mica‐ and amphibole‐bearing rocks deformed by predominantly compressional folding and subordinate strike‐slip shear. These blocks have been rotated clockwise 70–90° around the east Himalayan Syntaxis, without finite eastward or southeastward extrusion, in responding to progressive indentation of India into Asia.

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Section: Measurements Of Seismic Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and symmetry of seismic anisotropy in mica‐ and amphibole‐bearing metamorphic rocks and implications for tectonic interpretation of seismic data from the southeast Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2015

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“… Average values of data from Fountain and Salisbury [], Fountain et al . [], and Salisbury and Fountain [].…”

Section: Geophysical 3‐d Model Of the Regional Crustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density of each upper crustal lithologic unit is obtained from the literature. Fountain et al [1990], Salisbury and Fountain [1994], and Fountain and Salisbury [1996] provide laboratory density measurements for a variety of samples from the Canadian Shield. The samples are here reclassified into tonalite-tonalite gneiss, granite-granodiorite, and greenstone belt volcanic rocks and the average and standard deviation of the density are used for these lithologic units.…”

Section: Geophysical Model Of Regional Upper Crustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional study of the Archean to Proterozoic crust at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO+), Ontario: Predicting the geoneutrino flux

Huang

Strati

Mantovani

et al. 2014

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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The SNO1 detector that is currently under construction in Ontario, Canada, will be a new kilotonscale liquid scintillation detector with the capability of recording geoneutrino events that can be used to constrain the strength of the Earth's radiogenic power, and in turn, to test compositional models of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). We constructed a detailed 3-D model of the regional crust centered at SNO1 from compiled geological, geophysical, and geochemical information. Crustal cross sections obtained from refraction and reflection seismic surveys were used to characterize the crust and assign uncertainties to its structure. The average Moho depth in the study area is 42.3 6 2.6 km. The upper crust was divided into seven dominant lithologic units on the basis of regional geology. The abundances of U and Th and their uncertainties in each upper crustal lithologic unit were determined from analyses of representative outcrop samples. The average chemical compositions of the middle and lower crust beneath the SNO1 region were determined by coupling local seismic velocity profiles with a global compilation of the chemical compositions of amphibolite and granulite facies rocks. Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict the geoneutrino signal originating from the regional crust at SNO1 and to track asymmetrical uncertainties of U and Th abundances. The total regional crust

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“…This has been effectively demonstrated by laboratory experiments [e.g., Kern , 1982; Christensen , 1996]. Christensen [1996] recognized the difficulty of obtaining good resolution of σ based on V p and V s derived from refraction experiments, despite some studies that have shown good agreement of laboratory and refraction velocity data [e.g., Salisbury and Fountain , 1993]. Experimental data [ Kern , 1982; Christensen , 1996] show σ mainly depends on rock composition rather than on P‐T conditions [ Tarkov and Vavakin , 1982], although some studies [e.g., Christensen , 1996] have shown that increasing metamorphic grade has a significant effect and increases V p /V s .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature of the crust beneath northwest Basin and Range province from teleseismic receiver function data

et al. 2008

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[1] We utilized teleseismic receiver function techniques complemented by active source refraction seismology to study the crustal structure and continental rift processes responsible for the development of the northwest corner of the Basin and Range province in northwest Nevada. Our passive seismic array of 28 short-period stations, spanning 70 km west to east, and 5 broadband USArray transportable array stations that extended our aperture to 230 km provided data on crustal properties independent of the results of our active source refraction experiment. Combining data from the two experiments provides better constraints on Moho depth, V p /V s ratio, and the structure and composition of the crust beneath the northwestern Basin and Range province than possible from either experiment alone. Our new data indicate Moho depths that vary from 29.5 on the east to 36.5 km in the west along the passive source array and V p /V s ratios that systematically span a wide range from 1.68 to 1.83. Velocity modeling of data collected from the 300 km, wide-angle refraction/reflection survey provides comparable Moho depths of 32-37 km under the same region. Decreasing V p /V s is correlated with decreasing crustal thickness, with V p /V s ratio > 1.80 in northeast California and V p /V s < 1.74 in the thinner crust of the Basin and Range province. We associate the high V p /V s of northeast California with mafic additions to the crust during formation of the Modoc Plateau in a region of accreted Paleozoic island arc terrans similar to those exposed in the eastern Klamaths and northwestern Sierra Nevada. Unusually low V p /V s in conjunction with low absolute V p and V s is observed beneath the central part of our array and may be due to the roots of the Sierra Nevada batholith, now dismembered by Basin and Range faults. Back azimuthal stacking of our receiver function data suggests a northwest oriented crustal anisotropy fast direction beneath this region, parallel to the northwest to southeast oriented Cenozoic extension experienced by the Basin and Range province and suggestive of a similar flow direction in the middle to lower crust.

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The seismic velocity and Poisson's ratio structure of the Kapuskasing uplift from laboratory measurements

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Magnitude and symmetry of seismic anisotropy in mica‐ and amphibole‐bearing metamorphic rocks and implications for tectonic interpretation of seismic data from the southeast Tibetan Plateau

Magnitude and symmetry of seismic anisotropy in mica‐ and amphibole‐bearing metamorphic rocks and implications for tectonic interpretation of seismic data from the southeast Tibetan Plateau

Regional study of the Archean to Proterozoic crust at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO+), Ontario: Predicting the geoneutrino flux

Nature of the crust beneath northwest Basin and Range province from teleseismic receiver function data

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