The selective control of Simulium larvae by particulate insecticides and its significance in river management

Kershaw, W. E.; Williams, T. R.; Frost, S. W.; Matchett, Randy; Mills, Maurice; Johnson, Rorerta D.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(68)90028-x

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Benthos was sampled with a 1 mm mesh kick net (Frost et al, 1971 ;Kershaw et al, 1968) . We may have missed organisms that passed through the net (cf.…”

Section: Sampling Schedule and Collection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal distribution of riverine benthos: A river dis-continuum?

Perry

Schaeffer

1987

Hydrobiologia

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We used several techniques to analyze 10-11 collections from each of 13 stations along a mountain stream gradient to examine the hypothesis that there was a statistically significant (p < 0 .05) uniform downstream gradient in benthic distribution . Random skewer techniques suggested that there was a significant downstream gradient of individuals per species, but only a weak gradient in species per station, and no gradient in functional guild composition . Ordination and clustering of either taxonomic or functional guild data suggested the existence of four longitudinally-defined groups of stations . Rarefaction curves also implied longitudinal groupings, with differences among groups implying species replacement than changes in organism numbers . Two species replacement indexes confirmed that suggestion . In summary, the distribution of the benthos in the creek may best be characterized as a punctuated gradient where gradual downstream changes in community composition are punctuated by sudden shifts to new community types . This punctuated gradient appears caused by changes in stream physical and chemical characteristics ; the rapid nature of the changes hampers the interpretation of longitudinal analyses . Techniques such as random skewers and cluster analysis of rarefied samples will prove helpful in discerning pattern in stream benthos .

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“…Benthos was sampled with a 1 mm mesh kick net (Frost et al, 1971 ;Kershaw et al, 1968) . We may have missed organisms that passed through the net (cf.…”

Section: Sampling Schedule and Collection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal distribution of riverine benthos: A river dis-continuum?

Perry

Schaeffer

1987

Hydrobiologia

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“…Resettlement occurred further downstream after the insecticidal effects had dissipated. 13 Fuel oil solutions of 20 percent Methoxychlor remove large specimens of mayflies, stoneflies and caddis larvae but these are replaced by smaller fauna resettling from the drift carried down from untreated areas upstream. 27 Although fluorescent dyes have been used, 32 there is still much to be learned about the distribution of insecticides and their dispersion in rivers and streams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particulate Abate insecticide on invertebrate stream drift communities in Newfoundland

Frost¹,

Sinniah²

1982

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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A particulate formulation of Abate was used to control blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae in Newfoundland. The effects of this compound on stream invertebrates during routine field use was observed by using drift fauna collected in relation to five insecticide treatments using dosage ranging from 0.059-0.091 ppm Abate applied for 18-23 minutes in four different streams. Invertebrate populations varied from stream to stream and the effects of the insecticide on the drift reflect community structure and physical parameters in the stream. Numbers of larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera), Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera increase in drift after dosing at concentrations of insecticide less than those recommended for Abate when administered as an emulsifiable concentrate. Drifting blackfly larvae increased from five percent up to 40 percent of total drifting communities after the insecticide was applied.

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“…Macrozoobenthos were collected by using metal cups or sampling nets for 10-15 min mostly by means of the "kicking technique" (KERSHAW & FROST, 1978), i.e., by digging in the stony and sandy bottoms in the littoral zone (up to ∼0.5 m water depth) of the lakes. In parallel, attention was also paid to submerged aquatic plants (sweeping by metal cups) and to the surface of larger stones in the littoral zone.…”

Section: S455mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological recovery of the Bohemian Forest lakes from acidification

et al. 2006

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A limnological survey of eight small, atmospherically acidified, forested glacial lakes in the Bohemian Forest (Šumava, Böhmerwald) was performed in September 2003. Water chemistry of the tributaries and surface layer of each lake was determined, as well as species composition and biomass of the plankton along the water column, and littoral macrozoobenthos to assess the present status of the lakes. The progress in chemical reversal and biological recovery from acid stress was evaluated by comparing the current status of the lakes with results of a survey four years ago (1999) and former acidification data since the early 1990s. Both the current chemical lake status and the pelagic food web structure reflected the acidity of the tributaries and their aluminium (Al) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. One mesotrophic (Plešné jezero) and three oligotrophic lakes (Černé jezero, Čertovo jezero, and Rachelsee) are still chronically acidified, while four other oligotrophic lakes (Kleiner Arbersee, Prášilské jezero, Grosser Arbersee, and Laka) have recovered their carbonate buffering system. Total plankton biomass was very low and largely dominated by filamentous bacteria in the acidified oligotrophic lakes, while the mesotrophic lake had a higher biomass and was dominated by phytoplankton, which apparently profited from the higher P input. In contrast, both phytoplankton and crustacean zooplankton accounted for the majority of plankton biomass in the recovering lakes. This study has shown further progress in the reversal of lake water chemistry as well as further evidence of biological recovery compared to the 1999 survey. While no changes occurred in species composition of phytoplankton, a new ciliate species was found in one lake. In several lakes, this survey documented a return of zooplankton (e.g., Cladocera: Ceriodaphnia quadrangula and Rotifera: three Keratella species) and macrozoobenthos species (e.g., Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera). The beginning of biological recovery has been delayed for ∼20 years after chemical reversal of the lakes.

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The selective control of Simulium larvae by particulate insecticides and its significance in river management

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

The longitudinal distribution of riverine benthos: A river dis-continuum?

The longitudinal distribution of riverine benthos: A river dis-continuum?

Effect of particulate Abate insecticide on invertebrate stream drift communities in Newfoundland

Biological recovery of the Bohemian Forest lakes from acidification

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