D opamine-and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M r 32,000 (DARPP-32) is a signal transduction molecule that is selectively enriched in medium-sized spiny neurons in neostriatum, and plays an obligatory role in dopaminergic signaling. Mice lacking DARPP-32 exhibit profound deficits in their molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral responses to dopamine, drugs of abuse and antipsychotic medication, demonstrating the importance of DARPP-32 in most of the actions of dopamine (1).When DARPP-32 is phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) on Thr-34, it is converted into a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1, and thereby controls the phosphorylation state and activity of many downstream physiological effectors, including various neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-gated ion channels (for review, see ref.2). Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr-34 are regulated by dopamine, adenosine, glutamate, serotonin, and other neurotransmitters. For example, dopamine, by activating dopamine D1-type receptors (3), and adenosine, by activating adenosine A 2A receptors (4), stimulate the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr-34.Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are subdivided into three groups on the basis of agonist pharmacology, sequence homology, and G-protein effector coupling: group I (mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors), group II (mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors), and group III (mGlu4, mGlu6, mGlu7, and mGlu8 receptors; ref. 5). Group I mGlu receptors are coupled to the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway (6), the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway (7), and the p38 pathway (8); group II and III mGlu receptors are negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase (9). Individual subtypes of mGlu receptors are assumed to mediate distinct facilitatory (group I) or inhibitory (group II and III) actions on neuronal transmission (10). Recently, mGlu receptors were shown to be involved in cocaine self-administration (11) and methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity (12). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of mGlu receptors are not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation of DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr-34 by mGlu receptors by using neostriatal slices. The results obtained indicate that the actions of mGlu5 receptors are linked to A 2A adenosine receptors by means of a mechanism involving the ERK cascade.