The Self-as-Context Scale: Development and preliminary psychometric properties

Zettle, Robert D.; Gird, Suzanne R.; Webster, Blake K.; Carrasquillo-Richardson, Nakisha; Swails, Jeffrey A.; Burdsal, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.010

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This reflected heightened emotional reactivity to the negative content of thoughts; an inverse of Reduced Struggle. Similar factors have been reported within the Self-As-Context Scale (SACS) and EQ 32 , 33 . A reanalysis of the EQ in adult experiencing pain-related distress revealed two factors (47.3 ± 11.69 years) 34 .…”

Section: Foundations Of Decenteringsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…While this is not an exhaustive list, these particular terms featured prominently in our literature review. HM hypothetical Mechanism, EQ experiences questionnaire 4 , TMS Toronto mindfulness scale 114 , MACAM measure of awareness and coping in autobiographical memory 115 , CFQ cognitive fusion questionnaire 36 , DDS drexel defusion scale 27 , BAFT believability of anxious feelings and thoughts scale 31 , Y-AFQ youth action and fusion questionnaire 37 , AAQ acceptance and action questionnaire 116 , TDQ temporal distancing questionnaire 28 , SACS self-as-context scale 32 , CBT cognitive behavioral therapy, MBCT mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, MT mindfulness training, ACT acceptance and commitment therapy. a Two factors are reported to underlie decentering-related abilities; these are labeled Observer Perspective and Reduced Struggle (Section 2.2).…”

Section: Foundations Of Decenteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report

et al. 2021

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Decentering is a ubiquitous therapeutic concept featuring in multiple schools of psychological intervention and science. It describes an ability to notice to day-to-day psychological stressors (negative thoughts, feelings, and memories) from an objective self-perspective and without perseverating on the themes they represent. Thus, decentering dampens the impact and distress associated with psychological stressors that can otherwise increase mental ill health in vulnerable individuals. Importantly, the strengthening of decentering-related abilities has been flagged as a core component of psychological interventions that treat and prevent anxiety and depression. We provide an in-depth review evidence of the salutary effects of decentering with a special focus on youth mental health. This is because adolescence is a critical window for the development of psychopathology but is often under-represented in this research line. A narrative synthesis is presented that integrates and summarizes findings on a range of decentering-related abilities. Section 1 reviews extant conceptualizations of decentering and data-driven approaches to characterize its characteristic. A novel definition is then offered to guide future empirical research. Section 2 overviews laboratory-based research into the development of decentering as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Section 3 examines the role decentering-related skills play in psychological interventions for anxiety and depression. Critically, we review evidence that treatment-related increases in decentering predict latter reductions in anxiety and depression severity. Each section highlights important areas for future research. The report concludes by addressing the vital questions of whether, how, why and when decentering alleviates youth anxiety and depression.

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Section: Foundations Of Decenteringsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Foundations Of Decenteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report

et al. 2021

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“…In this project, we included specific measures of the different processes of PF with the exception of self-as-context insofar as, no specific instruments for assessing this process existed at the start of the project. However, recently both the Self-as-Context Scale (Zettle et al, 2018) and the Self Experiences Questionnaire (Yu et al, 2016) have been developed and could be included in future mediational research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For some time, there has been a relative lack of studies of this process because of difficulties in measuring it. However, the recent development of assessment instruments has produced preliminary findings suggesting a supportive role of self-ascontext in enhanced mental health (Yu et al, 2016(Yu et al, , 2017Moran et al, 2018;Zettle et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Flexibility in Depression Relapse Prevention: Processes of Change and Positive Mental Health in Group-Based ACT for Residual Symptoms

et al. 2020

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Relapse rates following a depressive episode are high, with limited treatments available aimed at reducing such risk. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a cognitivebehavioral approach that has gained increased empirical support in treatment of depression, and thus represents an alternative in relapse prevention. Psychological flexibility (PF) plays an important role in mental health according to the model on which ACT is based. This study aimed to investigate the role of PF and its subprocesses in reducing residual symptoms of depression and in improving positive mental health following an 8-week group-based ACT treatment. Adult participants (75.7% female) with a history of depression, but currently exhibiting residual symptoms (N = 106) completed measures before and after intervention, and at 6 and 12-month follow-up. A growth curve model showed that positive mental health increased over 12-months. Multilevel mediation modeling revealed that PF significantly mediated these changes as well as the reduction of depressive symptoms, and that processes of acceptance, cognitive defusion, values and committed action, in turn, mediated increased PF.

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“…One particularly interesting construct within the ACT model, which maybe relevant to alexithymia, is called self-as-context (SAC) (Zettle et al, 2018 ). This is one of the six key processes within the ACT model, whereby the “self” is assumed not to be a fixed state, but instead it can become entirely flexible (less rigid) and context dependent (instead of content dependent) as an observer to experience (i.e., the perspective-taking sense of self), with increased psychological flexibility (McHugh and Stewart, 2012 ; McHugh, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Mental Health, Interoception, Psychological Flexibility, and Self-as-Context, as Predictors for Alexithymia: A Deep Artificial Neural Network Approach

Edwards

Lowe

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Background: Alexithymia is a personality trait which is characterized by an inability to identify and describe conscious emotions of oneself and others.Aim: The present study aimed to determine whether various measures of mental health, interoception, psychological flexibility, and self-as-context, predicted through linear associations alexithymia as an outcome. This also included relevant mediators and non-linear predictors identified for particular sub-groups of participants through cluster analyses of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) output.Methodology: Two hundred and thirty participants completed an online survey which included the following questionnaires: Toronto alexithymia scale; Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2 (AQQII); Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DAS21); Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA); and the Self-as-Context (SAC) scale. A stepwise backwards linear regression and mediation analysis were performed, as well as a cluster analysis of the non-linear ANN upper hidden layer output.Results: Higher levels of alexithymia were associated with increased psychological inflexibility, lower positive affect scores, and lower interoception for the subscales of “not distracting” and “attention regulation.” SAC mediated the relation between emotional regulation and total alexithymia. The ANNs accounted for more of the variance than the linear regressions, and were able to identify complex and varied patterns within the participant subgroupings.Conclusion: The findings were discussed within the context of developing a SAC processed-based therapeutic model for alexithymia, where it is suggested that alexithymia is a complex and multi-faceted condition, which requires a similarly complex, and process-based approach to accurately diagnose and treat this condition.

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The Self-as-Context Scale: Development and preliminary psychometric properties

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report

Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report

Psychological Flexibility in Depression Relapse Prevention: Processes of Change and Positive Mental Health in Group-Based ACT for Residual Symptoms

Associations Between Mental Health, Interoception, Psychological Flexibility, and Self-as-Context, as Predictors for Alexithymia: A Deep Artificial Neural Network Approach

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