The self-sustaining decomposition of ammonium nitrate fertiliser: Case study, Escombreras valley, Spain

Baraza, Xavier; Pey, Alexis; Giménez, José Carlos Moreno

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121674

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Decomposition initially takes place endothermically (requiring heating), to then evolve toward exothermic reactions 13 . It is likely that decomposition releases significant amounts of toxic smoke that contains ammonia and nitrogen oxide fumes 14,15 . Thermally or mechanically triggered explosive reactions cannot be ruled out in extreme conditions 4,16 .…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties and Potential Hazards Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another hazardous situation is the simple decomposition of AN normally associated with a situation of exposure to an external fire 20,21 . Last, in the case of some AN‐based fertilizers (for example, NPK‐type fertilizers), situations of self‐sustaining decomposition have been identified in storage facilities and maritime transport, generating ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions 14,15,22 …”

Section: Physicochemical Properties and Potential Hazards Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Baraza

Giménez

Pey³

et al. 2022

Process Safety Progress

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On March 9, 2004, a lorry transporting ammonium nitrate (AN) overturned. The load caught fire and exploded due to the self-sustaining decomposition reactions of the AN. The consequences were two deaths, five injuries, and significant material damage in the form of destruction to vehicles and the highway. This article delves into the causes of the accident through root cause analysis techniques, such as fishbone, AcciMap and events and causal factors charting, which have demonstrated that the causes were not only physicochemical but also of an organizational nature. The explosion caused a crater 18 m in diameter, which would be equivalent to one caused by 11.4 tonnes of TNT. Through the relevant models, we have established the overpressure-distance map, explaining the breakage of lorry windscreens located 100 m from the accident site, and the vibration of glass planes at a distance of some 4 km. This accident underscored the need to comply with the safety measures handed down by competent bodies: (a) avoid contamination of AN, especially with fuels; (b) prevent the AN from being exposed to heat; (c) isolate for a minimum distance of 800 m in all directions around the accident site; (d) in case of fire, flood the area from a distance and stay away from the fire.

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Section: Physicochemical Properties and Potential Hazards Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physicochemical Properties and Potential Hazards Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Baraza

Giménez

Pey³

et al. 2022

Process Safety Progress

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Para os materiais de embalagem e transporte, este órgão recomenda a utilização de estruturas de aço e alumínio não reativas, uma vez que os óxidos metálicos, como os presentes na ferrugem, são agentes catalisadores da decomposição térmica do NA. 45 Segundo Baraza e colaboradores (2020), 46 uma série de medidas podem ser estabelecidas para evitar acidentes envolvendo o NA, seguindo as orientações dos órgãos responsáveis. No que se refere ao armazenamento deste agente químico, destacam-se as seguintes recomendações de segurança: i) as instalações de armazenamento devem ser ventiladas (Oluwoye et al 2020), 45 possuir Infraestrutura à prova de fogo e, no caso de silos, devem ser protegidos com lonas para evitar umidade; ii) o NA deve ser armazenado isolado de outros produtos químicos e em locais limpos; iii) o armazenamento do NA deve ser localizado distante de potenciais fontes de calor, fogo ou explosão; iv) as instalações elétricas não devem entrar em contato com o material armazenado, de forma que o painel elétrico deve ser localizado na área externa da instalação; v) as instalações devem possuir sensores de detecção de incêndio, bem como, disponibilidade de água para lidar com estes, considerando a quantidade de material armazenado; e vi) quaisquer possíveis derramamentos devem ser rapidamente removidos e limpos para evitar acúmulo e mistura com outros resíduos.…”

Section: Esquema 2 Reações De Decomposição Térmica Do Naunclassified

“…Baraza, Pey e Giménez em artigo publicado este ano, cinco deles tiveram como causa trabalhos de soldagem. 50 A quantidade de NA armazenado na zona portuária resultou em uma explosão intensa, percebida a uma distância de 241 quilômetros do local de ocorrência e comparada a um terremoto com escala de 3,3 de magnitude. 4 No Brasil, há dois relatos noticiados em sites de acidentes envolvendo NA, o primeiro em 24 de setembro de 2013, em um armazém localizado em São Francisco do Sul -SC, onde estavam armazenados 10,000 mil toneladas do composto.…”

Section: Acidentes Envolvendo O Nitrato De Amôniounclassified

Ammonium Nitrate: Good or Bad Guy?

Simplicio¹,

Santos²,

Campos³

et al. 2021

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Ammonium nitrate (NA) is an inorganic salt that constitutes products used in common practices, such as application in fertilizers, odor control, production of explosive agents and production of propellants for rockets. Its physico-chemical properties demonstrate that it is a highly stable salt, which raises the question about its involvement in numerous explosive accidents recorded worldwide, the most recent being in August 2020 in the city Beirut-Lebanon. Thus, this review article gathers important information and necessary knowledge about this chemical agent, in order to avoid or minimize accidents that may involve NA. Therefore, information was addressed from the economic importance and main applications of NA to the risks and safety measures recommended for the operations of its transportation, storage and use. O nitrato de amônio (NA) é um sal inorgânico constituinte de vários produtos utilizados em práticas comuns, como a aplicação em fertilizantes, controle de odores, produção de agentes explosivos e produção de propelentes para foguetes. Suas propriedades físico-químicas demonstram se tratar de um sal de elevada estabilidade, o que desperta o questionamento sobre o seu envolvimento em inúmeros acidentes explosivos registrados em todo o mundo, sendo o mais recente o ocorrido em agosto de 2020 na cidade Beirute-Líbano. Dessa forma, o presente artigo de revisão reúne informações importantes e de conhecimento necessário acerca deste agente químico, a fim de evitar ou minimizar os acidentes que possam envolver o NA. Assim, foram abordadas informações desde a importância econômica e principais aplicações do NA até os riscos e as medidas de segurança recomendadas às operações de seu transporte, armazenamento e uso.

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“…Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 (AN) is an industrially significant item employed far and wide, with a yearly worldwide utilization of in excess of 20 million tons [1]. It's an inorganic compound initially found in 1659.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart system for monitoring ammonium nitrate storage warehouse

Ibrahim

Hussien²,

Alsaad³

2021

IJEECS

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<span>Ammonium nitrate (AN, NH4NO3) is one of the materials used in chemical industry and in agriculture. AN is not considered a fire risk but it is a strong oxidizing agent that can lead to fire and explosion, so, the ammonium nitrate must be stored under specific environmental conditions to avoid the occurrence of dangerous situations. In this paper, a smart monitoring system for Ammonium nitrate storage is developed. The system consists of three-parts: monitoring chemicals system part (MCS), warehouse monitoring part (WMP), and emergency part (EP). MCS includes several hardware components: Arduino microcontroller, Ds18b20 sensor, MQ sensors, system for mobile communication (GSM), global position system (GPS), buzzer, and LCD. Two types of alarms are designed, the first one is for the WMP that to receive the alarm when temperature is exceeds than a specific threshold in chemical warehouse. The second one is for EP. It represents the receiver part to receive the alarm with the location of the place that indicates to certain gases leakage that could cause a fire or explosion. Also, a buzzer is listening and display the sensor state on LCD. The system follows the object-oriented software engineering (OOSE) approach using unified modeling language (UML).</span>

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The self-sustaining decomposition of ammonium nitrate fertiliser: Case study, Escombreras valley, Spain

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Ammonium Nitrate: Good or Bad Guy?

Smart system for monitoring ammonium nitrate storage warehouse

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