The Senescent Sequences of Normal Processes

Calloway, N. O.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1966.tb02886.x

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Aging is another form of stress (185)(186)(187)(188)(189)(190)(191)(192)(193)(194)(195)(196)(197)(198)(199)(200)(201)(202), albeit, the better alternative, and the liver ages less than most organs of the body (185). Serum albumin is not a suicidal protein, although its configuration may change as it binds and releases the various ligands.…”

Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum albumin

Rothschild¹,

Oratz²,

Schreiber³

1988

Hepatology

411

278

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The liver manufactures albumin at a massive rate and decreases production in times of environmental, nutritional, toxic and trauma stress. Osmotic pressure is a basic evolutionary regulatory factor, and hormonal control over albumin production has been demonstrated. Where and why new or old albumin is degraded are questions which have not been clarified, although the vascular endothelium may well be the degradative site. Albumin is important as a transport protein, as a measure of evolution and as a model to study secretion following synthesis without the intervening steps of glycosylation. Investigations as to how this protein enters the endoplasmic membrane may well answer some of the questions concerning signal peptide insertion (288). The role of the urea cycle intermediate ornithine and its participation in polyamine synthesis, which has a positive effect on albumin synthesis, is under study. Likewise, the inverse relation between acute-phase protein synthesis and albumin synthesis regulated by interleukin 1 and other cytokines will merit further study. These are a few of the concepts which will be tested in the future.

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Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum albumin

Rothschild¹,

Oratz²,

Schreiber³

1988

Hepatology

411

278

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“…Minot (4) pointed out in 1908 that the processes of senescence are more rapid in the early years of life than later. Although some authors (5–7) have questioned and discussed this viewpoint, in our previous work we have shown that undoubtedly the views of Minot were correct and that most if not all of the functions are logarithmically related to time in such a fashion that they occur more rapidly in the early stages of life rather than in later years (2, 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In the present paper we shall discuss the onset of senescence and give reasons for believing that the onset is either at or near the time of conception. In fact, there is no other point in the life of an individual that can be marked as the onset of senescence, as discussed previously in a paper on the senescent sequences of normal processes (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Onset of Senescence*

Calloway¹

1966

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…In the graph, the logarithm of the percentage of water plotted against the logarithm of the age is a straight line. This is characteristic of a hyperbolic function (4). The rat heart is approximately 70 per cent water at 100 weeks of age, i.e., in senility the percentage of water has decreased to 70 per cent.…”

Section: Illustrative Half-lives In Relation To Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As outlined in earlier papers (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), the development of senescence is not linear. Senescence is continuous; it starts with the conception of the individual, and in its progress throughout life it is more rapid at the beginning than afterward.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

The Concept of Biologic Half‐life in Relation to Senescence

Calloway¹

1969

J American Geriatrics Society

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The half-life of the biologic processes of aging can be calculated accurately. Since the processes change more rapidly in early life, the half-life (time required for half the process) occurs very early, even before the individual is born. Data on the change in tissue water percentage and in the basal metabolic rate are illustrative.The half-life is of great interest to both the gerontologist and the internist since it indicates the paramount importance of the inherent initial material in the individual. The obstetrician and the pediatrician have tremendous responsibilities to see that the individual is well maintained in early life so that he may retain the great biologically competitive thrust with which he is born, because by the time of birth he has already aged half or more than he will ever age.In discussing such subjects as kinetics and the relationship of time to various phenomena, it is often convenient to speak of the half-life. The half-life is the length of time required for half of a phenomenon to take place. This concept is particularly useful when the phenomenon under consideration does not follow linear behavior with time.As outlined in earlier papers (1-5), the development of senescence is not linear. Senescence is continuous; it starts with the conception of the individual, and in its progress throughout life it is more rapid at the beginning than afterward. All evidence to date indicates that the processes of aging proceed in hyperbolic fashion. Possibly certain equations which describe these events have an exponential form instead of a power form.One of the classic examples of half-life is the decomposition of radioactive material. If one starts with a given amount of radium, the easiest way to monitor its decomposition is to calculate it in terms of half-life, since the process is so slow that the length of time that it would take for completion approaches infinity. In cases in which the end-point of the phenomenon is not known, it is well to use the concept of the half-life. In biology this concept is used less often than in physical chemistry, but is equally valid.It is important to realize that doubling the half-life does not necessarily * Address: 1103 Regent Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715. 974

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The Senescent Sequences of Normal Processes

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Serum albumin

Serum albumin

The Onset of Senescence*

The Concept of Biologic Half‐life in Relation to Senescence

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