The sensory origin of the sense of effort is context-dependent

Monjo, Florian; Shemmell, Jonathan; Forestier, Nicolas

doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5280-9

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…There is growing evidence that the signals contributing most to the sense of force and effort are task-dependent. For example, Monjo et al [29] found that muscle spindles contribute to the sense of effort when completing a one-arm force matching task but that central and peripheral sources are important when completing twoarm force matching. In contrast to the perception of effort, the sense of muscular force during one-arm [30] and two-arm [31] matching tasks has been commonly attributed to Golgi tendon organs.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Contributing To the Force Matching De Citsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer survivors post-chemotherapy exhibit unique proprioceptive deficits in proximal limbs

Wang

Housley

Flores³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Oxaliplatin (OX) chemotherapy for colorectal cancer is associated with adverse neurotoxic effects that can contribute to long-term sensorimotor impairments in cancer survivors. It is often thought that the sensorimotor impairments are dominated by OX-induced sensory neuropathy that primarily affects the distal regions of the limb. Recent preclinical studies have identified encoding dysfunction of muscle proprioceptors as an alternative mechanism. Unlike the sensory neuropathy affecting distal limbs, dysfunction of muscle proprioceptors could have more widespread effects. Most investigations of chemotherapy-induced sensorimotor impairments have considered only the effects of distal changes in sensory processing; none have evaluated proximal changes or their influence on function. Our study fills this gap by evaluating the functional use of proprioception in the shoulder and elbow joints of cancer survivors post OX chemotherapy. Methods: We implemented three multidirectional sensorimotor tasks: force matching, target reaching, and postural stability tasks to evaluate various aspects of proprioception and their use. Force and kinematic data of the sensorimotor tasks were collected in 13 cancer survivors treated with OX and 13 age-matched healthy controls. Results: Cancer survivors exhibited less accuracy and precision than an age-matched control group when they had to rely only on proprioceptive information to match force, even for forces that required only torques about the shoulder. There were also small differences in the ability to maintain arm posture but no significant differences in reaching. The force deficits in cancer survivors were significantly correlated with self-reported motor dysfunction. Conclusions: These results suggest that cancer survivors post OX chemotherapy exhibit proximal proprioceptive deficits, and that the deficits in producing accurate and precise forces are larger than those for producing unloaded movements. Current clinical assessments of chemotherapy-related sensorimotor dysfunction are largely limited to distal symptoms. Our study suggests that we also need to consider changes in proximal function. Force matching tasks similar to those used here could provide a clinically meaningful approach to quantifying OX-related movement dysfunction during and after chemotherapy.

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Section: Potential Mechanisms Contributing To the Force Matching De Citsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer survivors post-chemotherapy exhibit unique proprioceptive deficits in proximal limbs

Wang

Housley

Flores³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Peripheral information arises from muscle and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (22, 27). Muscle mechanoreceptors include Golgi tendon organs (28–31) and muscle spindles (32, 33), and cutaneous mechanoreceptors include slow-adapting and fast-adapting units (34–37). Central information arises from an individual's perceived effort, or the extent to which an individual perceives that their arm muscles are being driven in relation to the maximum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Individuals Post-hemiparetic Stroke in Matching Torques Between Arms Depends on the Arm Referenced

et al. 2019

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Background: Prior work indicates that 50–75% of individuals post-hemiparetic stroke have upper-extremity weakness and, in turn, inaccurately judge the relative torques that their arms generate during a bimanual task. Recent findings also reveal that these individuals judge the relative torques their arms generate differently depending on whether they reference their paretic vs. non-paretic arm. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether individuals with hemiparetic stroke inaccurately matched torques between arms, regardless of the arm that they referenced. Methods: Fifteen participants with hemiparetic stroke and 10 right-hand dominant controls matched torques between arms. Participants performed this task with their right arm referencing their left arm, and vice versa. Participants generated (1) 5 Nm and (2) 25% of their reference elbow's maximum voluntary torque (MVT) in flexion and extension using their reference arm while receiving audiovisual feedback. Then, participants matched the reference torque using their opposite arm without receiving feedback on their matching performance. Results: Participants with stroke had greater magnitudes of error in matching torques than controls when referencing their paretic arm ( p < 0.050), yet not when referencing their non-paretic arm ( p > 0.050). The mean magnitude of error when participants with stroke referenced their paretic and non-paretic arm and controls referenced their dominant and non-dominant arm to generate 5 Nm in flexion was 9.4, 2.6, 4.2, and 2.5 Nm, respectively, and in extension was 5.3, 2.8, 2.5, and 2.3 Nm, respectively. However, when the torques generated at each arm were normalized by the corresponding MVT, no differences were found in matching errors regardless of the arm participants referenced ( p > 0.050). Conclusions: Results demonstrate the importance of the arm referenced, i.e., paretic vs. non-paretic, on how accurately individuals post-hemiparetic stroke judge their torques during a bimanual task. Results also indicate that individuals with hemiparetic stroke judge torques primarily based on their perceived effort. Finally, findings support the notion that training individuals post-hemiparetic stroke to accurately perceive their self-generated torques, with a focus of their non-paretic arm in relation to their paretic arm, may lead to an improved ability to perform bimanual activities of daily living.

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“…Although it has been confirmed that the sense of effort can be used for judging force/heaviness, an influential current hypothesis predicts that judgments of force/heaviness are based not only on sense of effort but also on feedback of afferent signals returning from the periphery [37]. Monjo et al propose that humans do not perceive signals of only efferent or afferent signals as sense of effort but can perceive effort by changes in weight between both signals according to the experimental conditions [38]. The present experiment did not include conditions such as paralysis of muscle spindles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force perceptual bias caused by muscle activity in unimanual steering

Kishishita¹,

Tanaka²,

Kurita³

2019

PLoS ONE

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This study sought to investigate whether force perceptual bias was affected by differences in posture while steering an automobile using a psychophysical experiment to examine the relationship with muscle activity. The human perceptual characteristics of weight and force are known to be nonlinear, and a perceptual bias can occur, that is, bias that causes a perception of something that is larger or smaller than the actual scale. This is considered to be caused by physical and/or psychological conditions. Sense of effort is believed to be one influential factor. It is known to correlate with muscle activity intensity, and bias may be caused by muscle activity changes. In the current study, we hypothesized that force perceptual bias would depend on posture due to the intensity of muscle activity changes caused by changing postures during steering operation. By investigating this hypothesis, we can clarify the relationship between sense of effort and muscle activity. To investigate this issue, we conducted a psychophysical experiment to confirm postural dependence, and estimated muscle activity using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model simulation with postural and arm force data during the experiment. In addition, prediction of bias was conducted based on a simulation in the psychophysical experiment using these data. The results revealed that bias existed, as measured by differences in postures. Additionally, a significant moderate correlation was found between the predicted bias and the actual bias, indicating the existence of a relationship between muscle activity and bias.

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The sensory origin of the sense of effort is context-dependent

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Cancer survivors post-chemotherapy exhibit unique proprioceptive deficits in proximal limbs

Cancer survivors post-chemotherapy exhibit unique proprioceptive deficits in proximal limbs

Accuracy of Individuals Post-hemiparetic Stroke in Matching Torques Between Arms Depends on the Arm Referenced

Force perceptual bias caused by muscle activity in unimanual steering

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