The separation of ipratropium bromide and its related compounds

Simms, Peter J.; Towne, Robert; Gross, C.S; Miller, Randall E

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00017-x

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The HPLC consisted of a binary pump, autosampler injecting 100 µl per sample, and a temperature‐controlled column oven. The HPLC method was modified from a previous approach and utilised a gradient HPLC approach [28] . The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of an ion‐pair buffer and acetonitrile.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of crystal form of ipratropium bromide on micronisation and aerosolisation behaviour in dry powder inhaler formulations

Shur

Kubavat

Ruecroft³

et al. 2012

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of crystal form of ipratropium bromide on micronisation and aerosolisation behaviour in dry powder inhaler formulations

Shur

Kubavat

Ruecroft³

et al. 2012

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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“…The proposed ISE and HPLC methods were successfully employed to assay IP in Atrovent vials and bulk powder. Upon statistical comparison of the obtained results to those of the reported HPLC method, no significant difference was observed (Table ). Obviously, the potentiometric ISE method is straightforward, decrease analysis time, thus reducing the cost per sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Just-Dip-It (Potentiometric Ion-Selective Electrode): An Innovative Way of Greening Analytical Chemistry

El-Rahman

Zaazaa

ElDin

et al. 2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“Green analytical chemistry” (GAC) is a vital area towards the concept of sustainability. As a consequence of the widespread application of HPLC in drug-related analytical investigations and the resulting contamination of the environment with organic solvents questions have been raised about the toxicity/greenness of HPLC in the ecosystem. Traditional analytical separation technologies yield approximately 50 mL of waste per analytical data point. To this end, the pharmaceutical community continues to search for greener opportunities to markedly reduce the amount of organic waste produced and move from conventional offline separation based methodologies to greener in-line alternatives. In this contribution, we’re adopting a “Just-Dip-It” approach with the ultimate goal of advancing and exploiting the potentiometric sensors to their most effective use in different disciplines of drug development. The unique abilities of these ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for in-line measurements is the key driver for adoption of GAC principles to improve environmental friendliness of the analytical methods. For a meaningful comparison, this work compares the organic waste resulting from ISEs versus HPLC for degradation kinetics monitoring of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with respect to the 12 principles of GAC. Ipratropium bromide (IP) was chosen as a hydrolyzable anticholinergic drug, and its degradation kinetics were monitored by the two techniques. The first in-line strategy is attained by dipping a highly integrated IP membrane sensor for continuous monitoring of the hydrolysis kinetics of IP by tracing the emf decline over the time scale. The second off-line strategy utilizes a separation-based chromatographic HPLC method via discontinuous tracking the decrease of IP peak area spectroscopically at 220 nm over time. The advantages and shortcomings of each strategy considering GAC principles are highlighted. The merits of these benign real-time analyzers (ISEs) that can deliver equivalent analytical results as HPLC while significantly reducing solvent consumption/waste generation are described. Finally, an applicable strategy for expansion of the Just-Dip-It approach to different disciplines of drug-related analytical investigations is addressed.

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“…Current techniques available for quantitative analysis of compounds in pMDI formulations either involve opening a chilled pMDI canister and emptying its contents into a suitable mobile phase, prior to analysis [4,5] or by actuating the contents of a pMDI canister into a suitable diluent [6]. Compounds present in very low concentrations, whether the active ingredient, or degradation products, are often difficult to analyse, due to a lack of sensitivity [7,8].…”

Section: Formulations For Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulating Drugs for Inhalers and Stability Issues

2012

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The main topic addressed in this paper is the formulation of pressurised metered dose inhalers and the problems associated with formulating medications for high pressure systems. Formulations for pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) generally consist of two main types, solution and suspension-based systems. In the latter version, the active ingredient ideally remains mainly in the solid state, which can thus reduce problems with chemical degradation. However, the physical stability of such systems, in terms of aggregation, flocculation, creaming, sedimentation, propellant clathrates and bridging can then become problematic. The problems associated with solution-based systems revolve around the chemical<br />stability of the active ingredients.

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The separation of ipratropium bromide and its related compounds

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of crystal form of ipratropium bromide on micronisation and aerosolisation behaviour in dry powder inhaler formulations

Influence of crystal form of ipratropium bromide on micronisation and aerosolisation behaviour in dry powder inhaler formulations

Just-Dip-It (Potentiometric Ion-Selective Electrode): An Innovative Way of Greening Analytical Chemistry

Formulating Drugs for Inhalers and Stability Issues

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