The separation of lysergide (LSD) from related ergot alkaloids and its identification in forensic science casework samples

Japp, M.; Gill, R.; Osselton, M. David

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(88)90260-7

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…The result from applying the GC‐triple quadrupole‐MS approach (method 1) to the analysis of underivatized LSD (RI = 3140, 23.51 min, DB‐1), MIPLA (RI = 3157, 23.78 min, DB‐1) and LAMPA (RI = 3183, 24.48 min, DB‐1) is shown in Figure 2a where it can be seen that the separation between LSD and LAMPA was considered satisfactory based on the retention time difference of about 1 min. This was in agreement with many other investigators who also demonstrated a successful separation under GC conditions 8,14,19,20,22,24,25 in addition to those GC‐based studies that used LAMPA as an internal standard 33,40,41,43 . Even though the differentiation between LSD and LAMPA was straightforward, the inclusion of MIPLA revealed that it eluted between LSD and LAMPA under these conditions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This was in agreement with many other investigators who also demonstrated a successful separation under GC conditions 8,14,19,20,22,24,25 in addition to those GC-based studies that used LAMPA as an internal standard. 33,40,41,43 Even though the differentiation between LSD and LAMPA was straightforward, the inclusion of MIPLA revealed that it eluted between LSD and LAMPA under these conditions.…”

Section: Gc-mssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…When implementing a single quadrupole LC‐Q‐MS method to the analysis of LSD, MIPLA, and LAMPA, it was found that LSD (29.95 min) could be conveniently separated from MIPLA and LAMPA (30.52 min) but MIPLA and LAMPA could not be separated (Figure 6a) even after attempts to optimize the method and conditions further. LC‐based separations between LSD and LAMPA have been reported in the literature 8,10,14,17,37,60 . In some cases, the separation between LSD and LAMPA was unsuccessful under the conditions used 16 whereas other reports showed a partial overlap still suitable for differentiation 11–13,15 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These involved high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 8,10–17 gas chromatography (GC), 8,14–16,18–25 infrared spectroscopy (IR) (with or without coupling to a separation device), 7,11,15,21,24,26,27 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), 6,13,15 and other methods of separation, such as thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), 7,8,18 and capillary electrophoresis 28–32 . Furthermore, a variety of bioanalytical methods used for the detection of LSD included the use of LAMPA as an internal standard 33–44 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This line of investigation may have arisen from attempts to use LAMPA as a "legal decoy against LSD prosecutions," 9 spurring implementations of many analytical methods. These involved high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] gas chromatography (GC), 8,[14][15][16][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] infrared spectroscopy (IR) (with or without coupling to a separation device), 7,11,15,21,24,26,27 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), 6,13,15 and other methods of separation, such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), 7,8,18 and capillary electrophoresis. [28][29][30][31][32] Furthermore, a variety of bioanalytical methods used for the detection of LSD included the use of LAMPA as an internal standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separating the wheat from the chaff: Observations on the analysis of lysergamides LSD, MIPLA, and LAMPA

Brandt

Kavanagh

Westphal³

et al. 2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent psychoactive substance that has attracted great interest in clinical research. As the pharmacological exploration of LSD analogs continues to grow, some of those analogs have appeared on the street market. Given that LSD analogs are uncontrolled in many jurisdictions, it is important that these analogs be differentiated from LSD. This report presents the analysis of blotters found to contain the N-methyl-N-isopropyl isomer of LSD (MIPLA), and techniques to differentiate it from LSD and the N-methyl-N-propyl isomer (LAMPA) under routine conditions. Gas chromatography (GC)-solid phase infrared spectroscopy was particularly helpful. GC-electron ionization-tandem mass spectrometry of the m/z 72 iminium ion also provided sufficient information to distinguish the three isomers on mass spectral grounds alone, where chromatographic separation proved challenging. Derivatization with 2,2,2-trifluoro-N,N-bis (trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSTFA) also led to improved GC separation. Liquid chromatography single quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-Q-MS) and in-source collision-induced dissociation allowed for the differentiation between MIPLA and LAMPA based on distinct m/z 239 ion ratios when co-eluting. An alternative LC-MS/MS method improved the separation between all three lysergamides, but LSD was found to co-elute with iso-LSD. However, a comparison of ion ratios recorded for transitions at m/z 324.2 > 223.2 and m/z 324.2 > 208.2 facilitated their differentiation. The analysis of two blotters by LC-Q-MS revealed the presence of 180 and 186 μg MIPLA per blotter. These procedures may be used to avoid inadvertent misidentification of MIPLA or LAMPA as LSD.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%