The Septal Organ, Grueneberg Ganglion, and Terminal Nerve

Ma, Minghong; Fleischer, Joerg; Breer, Heinz; Eisthen, Heather L.

doi:10.1002/9781118971758.ch52

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The terminal nerve is a plexiform, ganglionated nerve containing distinct subpopulations of neurons, including GnRH neurons and neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive neurons (for reviews, see e.g. Demski, ; Larsell, ; Ma, Fleischer, Breer, & Eisthen, ; Schwanzel‐Fukuda, ; von Bartheld, ; Wirsig‐Wiechmann, Wiechmann, & Eisthen, ). The terminal nerve is thought to be neuromodulatory on the olfactory epithelium and, at least in teleost fish, on the retina (for a comprehensive recent review of functional studies, see Ma et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demski, ; Larsell, ; Ma, Fleischer, Breer, & Eisthen, ; Schwanzel‐Fukuda, ; von Bartheld, ; Wirsig‐Wiechmann, Wiechmann, & Eisthen, ). The terminal nerve is thought to be neuromodulatory on the olfactory epithelium and, at least in teleost fish, on the retina (for a comprehensive recent review of functional studies, see Ma et al, ). GnRH neurons persist into adulthood along the course of the terminal nerve, including in the largest of the terminal nerve ganglia, the 'ganglion terminale' located on the medio‐caudal aspect of the olfactory bulb (Schwanzel‐Fukuda, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural crest Notch/Rbpj signaling regulates olfactory gliogenesis and neuronal migration

Miller

Benito

Mirsky

et al. 2018

Genesis

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SummaryThe neural crest‐derived ensheathing glial cells of the olfactory nerve (OECs) are unique in spanning both the peripheral and central nervous systems: they ensheathe bundles of axons projecting from olfactory receptor neurons in the nasal epithelium to their targets in the olfactory bulb. OECs are clinically relevant as a promising autologous cell transplantation therapy for promoting central nervous system repair. They are also important for fertility, being required for the migration of embryonic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons from the olfactory placode along terminal nerve axons to the medial forebrain, which they enter caudal to the olfactory bulbs. Like Schwann cell precursors, OEC precursors associated with the developing olfactory nerve express the glial marker myelin protein zero and the key peripheral glial transcription factor Sox10. The transition from Schwann cell precursors to immature Schwann cells is accelerated by canonical Notch signaling via the Rbpj transcription factor. Here, we aimed to test the role of Notch/Rbpj signaling in developing OECs by blocking the pathway in both chicken and mouse. Our results suggest that Notch/Rbpj signaling prevents the cranial neural crest cells that colonize the olfactory nerve from differentiating as neurons, and at later stages contributes to the guidance of GnRH neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural crest Notch/Rbpj signaling regulates olfactory gliogenesis and neuronal migration

Miller

Benito

Mirsky

et al. 2018

Genesis

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“…Ciliated ORNs in the OE of fishes and the main OE of other vertebrates generally express the odorant receptors proper [OR-type receptors (25,151)] or trace amineassociated receptors [TAARs (25,152)]. It has been reported that some OR-type receptors are also expressed in receptor neurons of the pre-and perinatal GG (153,154), the SO (25,154,155), and the VNO (25,156). TAARs are also expressed in receptor neurons of the GG (157).…”

Section: Olfactory Ensheathing Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Receptor neurons of the SO express OR-type olfactory receptors and have been shown to express components of the canonical cAMP-mediated transduction cascade such as ACIII and Ga olf (34,154,278,279). A subpopulation of SO receptor neurons expresses GC-D and the phosphodiesterase PDE2 (34,154,278,279).…”

Section: Transduction Mechanisms In Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems

Manzini

Schild

Natale

2022

Physiological Reviews

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The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory systems have led to various artificial olfactory systems using different technical approaches. Here we provide a parallel description of biological olfactory systems and their technical counterparts. We start with a presentation of the input to the systems, the stimuli, and treat the interface between the external world and the environment where receptor neurons or artificial chemosensors reside. We then delineate the functions of receptor neurons and chemosensors as well as their overall I-O relationships. Up to this point, our account of the systems goes along similar lines. The next processing steps differ considerably: while in biology the processing step following the receptor neurons is the "integration" and "processing" of receptor neuron outputs in the olfactory bulb, this step has various realizations in electronic noses. For a long period of time, the signal processing stages beyond the olfactory bulb, i.e., the higher olfactory centers were little studied. Only recently there has been a marked growth of studies tackling the information processing in these centers. In electronic noses, a third stage of processing has virtually never been considered. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of both fields and, for the first time, attempt to tie them together. We hope it will be a breeding ground for better information, communication, and data exchange between very related but so far little connected fields.

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“…While many other species of mammals have additional organs involved in chemoreception, such as Masera’s Septal Olfactory Organ, which has been recognized in cat fetuses [ 30 ], these have not been detected in dogs [ 30 , 31 ]. Similarly, the Grüneberg ganglion, which supports both chemo- and thermo-sensing in other species, is often, erroneously, shown to be a part of the canine chemoreception system, but has not yet been identified in dogs.…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiology Of Canine Olfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Olfaction: Physiology, Behavior, and Possibilities for Practical Applications

Kokocińska

Woszczyło

Zybala

et al. 2021

Animals

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Olfaction in dogs is crucial for gathering important information about the environment, recognizing individuals, making decisions, and learning. It is far more specialized and sensitive than humans’ sense of smell. Using the strength of dogs’ sense of smell, humans work with dogs for the recognition of different odors, with a precision far exceeding the analytical capabilities of most modern instruments. Due to their extremely sensitive sense of smell, dogs could be used as modern, super-sensitive mobile area scanners, detecting specific chemical signals in real time in various environments outside the laboratory, and then tracking the odor of dynamic targets to their source, also in crowded places. Recent studies show that dogs can detect not only specific scents of drugs or explosives, but also changes in emotions as well as in human cell metabolism during various illnesses, including COVID-19 infection. Here, we provide an overview of canine olfaction, discussing aspects connected with anatomy, physiology, behavioral aspects of sniffing, and factors influencing the olfactory abilities of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

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The Septal Organ, Grueneberg Ganglion, and Terminal Nerve

Cited by 7 publications

References 138 publications

Neural crest Notch/Rbpj signaling regulates olfactory gliogenesis and neuronal migration

Neural crest Notch/Rbpj signaling regulates olfactory gliogenesis and neuronal migration

Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems

Canine Olfaction: Physiology, Behavior, and Possibilities for Practical Applications

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