The September 2017 flood in Elbląg (Poland) in perspective

Abstract

Abstract. On the morning of 18 September 2017, the center of the city of Elbląg in northern Poland was inundated by the rapidly rising waters of the Kumiela River, resulting in considerable damage and chaos in the city. The present paper provides information about this event, which was caused by intense precipitation lasting two days. We put this individual event in perspective by examining the climate track in the observation and projection of flood hazard through analyzing changes in temperature, precipitation and intense precipitation. We also examine the non-climatic factors of flood risk, such as spatial development and river regulation. Further, we pose the question of whether actions aimed at flood risk reduction, predominantly by way of structural defenses in the catchment of the Kumiela River, really reduce the flood risk in Elbląg. We also offer more general remarks pertaining to flood risk reduction in Poland, primarily based on technical measures, and we unveil the shortcomings of the current flood risk management system in Poland. In the social consciousness, the structural flood defense strategy has become the norm of thinking in terms of methods for reducing the effects of floods in Poland, but this does not always contribute to reducing flood damage either locally or nationally. We refer to some good examples of preparedness for urban inundations caused by heavy precipitation in other cities.

Sustainable Management in River Valleys, Promoting Water Retention—The Opinion of Residents of South-Eastern Poland

“…In turn, reducing the risk of long-term floods (e.g., by protecting against 100-year floods) requires the renaturalization of river spaces (i.e., "space for the river") and ensuring a large retention capacity in reservoirs [37]. To reduce the risk of floods and droughts, it is necessary to increase the capacity of various types of storage facilities, both natural and artificial [38]. These plans should also take into account water retention in the river valley landscape or soil retention, which is based on the assumption that an increase in the content of organic matter in the soil results in an increase in water storage [39].…”

Complex changes of extreme precipitation in the warming climate of Poland

“…A flash flood in Gdańsk in 2001 caused by a daily precipitation of 110–120 mm resulted in four fatalities (Majewski, 2016) and another one, in 2016, resulted in two fatalities. The River Elbląg flooded after a daily precipitation of 81 mm (Elbląg‐Milejewo) in 2017 (Konieczny et al ., 2018).…”