The Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Revealed Some Major Centers of Horse Domestications: The Archaeologist's Cut

Atsenova, Nedyalka; Palova, Nadezhda; Mehandjyiski, Ivan; Neov, Boyko; Radoslavov, Georgi; Hristov, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103830

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The most likely hypothesis is that the Akhal-Teke horse originated in Central Asia, adjacent to the Eurasian steppe, where the earliest domestication of horses took place [ 24 ]. Conversely, the hypothesis that the Akhal-Teke originated in the Middle East is less plausible, given the paucity of archaeological evidence associated with Akhal-Teke horses found in the Middle East [ 12 ]. As the Turkmen horse [ 25 ] is the most important ancestor of the modern Akhal-Teke horse [ 26 ], another proposal is that the Akhal-Teke horse originated in Central Asia and was introduced to the Middle East.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various molecular markers have been used in previous studies, which suggested that the Akhal-Teke horse belongs to the Middle Eastern horse breed clade [8][9][10][11]. Other archaeological studies at various sites suggest that the Akhal-Teke horse originated in Southwest Asia and migrated from Central Asia to the Middle East, or originated as a cross between the Tarpan and a domesticated native horse from Central Asia [12]. Thus, although several hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of the Akhal-Teke horse, many aspects surrounding its origin are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data and mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 nucleotide sequence reveal the origin of the Akhal-Teke horse

Kang¹,

Shi²,

Lu³

et al. 2023

Anim Biosci

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Objective: The study investigated the origin of the Akhal-Teke horse using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 (HVR-1) nucleotide sequencesMethods: Genome-wide SNP data from 22 breeds (481 horses) and mitochondrial HVR-1 sequences from 24 breeds (544 sequences) worldwide to examine the origin of the Akhal- Teke horse. The data were analyzed using principal component analysis, linkage disequilibrium analysis, neighbor-joining dendrograms, and ancestry inference to determine the population relationships, ancestral source, genetic structure, and relationships with other varieties.Results: A close genetic relationship between the Akhal-Teke horse and horses from the Middle East was found. Analysis of mitochondrial HVR-1 sequences showed that there were no shared haplotypes between the Akhal-Teke and Tarpan horses, and the mitochondrial data indicated that the Akhal-Teke horse has not historically expanded its group. Ancestral inference suggested that Arabian and Caspian horses were the likely ancestors of the Akhal- Teke horse.Conclusion: The Akhal-Teke horse originated in the Middle East.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data and mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 nucleotide sequence reveal the origin of the Akhal-Teke horse

Kang¹,

Shi²,

Lu³

et al. 2023

Anim Biosci

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“…The horse has been an important animal for human civilisation since the Bronze Age, when it was first domesticated (Atsenova et al, 2022). Different breeds emerged over time and region to fulfil different roles as necessary, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metabolomic and proteomic changes in Standardbred horses in training

Johansson

2024

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Metabolomic and proteomic changes in blood plasma were analysed in 16 young Standardbred horses from the age of 1.5 to 3.5 years. All horses had the same training programme from September as 1.5-year-olds until March as 2-year-olds, when highintensity training was introduced and the horses were divided into two training groups, High and Low. Both groups followed the same training programme, but the Low group performed 30% shorter high-intensity training distances than the High group. The same speed was aimed for with both groups. In blood samples collected from age 1.5 to 3.5 years, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was analysed with an ELISA kit, metabolomic profile was analysed using targeted absolute quantitative mass spectrometry and proteomic profile was analysed using untargeted mass spectrometry. There was no significant difference in IGF-1 between the training groups, but the expected ongoing IGF-1 decline was interrupted at a time which coincided with the onset of high-intensity training. Metabolomic differences between the training groups were only observed at 2 years of age, but concentrations of several metabolites changed significantly over time compared with at 1.5 years of age. Metabolites that differed significantly between the training groups and over time are associated with aerobic energy production and amino acid metabolism, and potentially also pH-buffering and vascular responses. The proteomics data did not reveal any significant differences between the training groups but the concentrations of 17 proteins related to energy metabolism, bone formation and circulatory functions changed significantly over time. In summary, both the metabolomic and proteomic profile in young horses in training changed over time, while the metabolic profile was also affected by training programme.

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Insight into the genetic diversity of Selle Français horse populations based on whole D-loop sequencing of mitochondrial DNA

Ropka-Molik,

Ayad,

Musiał

et al. 2024

folia biol (krakow)

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The Selle Français (SF) breed originated from native France horses crossed with Thoroughbreds, Arabs, Anglo-Arabs and French Trotters, which allowed for individuals to be obtained with excellent predispositions and a versatile usage for equestrian sports. The performance of the SF horse is widely accepted in the fields of show jumping and eventing; however, they have successfully started to compete in other areas such as dressage, vaulting, carriage driving and TREC competitions. To date, information about the genetic structure of the SF breed has been very limited. In the present report, Sanger sequencing was applied to analyse the whole D-loop of mitochondrial DNA of 98 samples representing Selle Français horses originating from two populations: Algerian (n=47) and French (n=51). The result obtained showed the presence of 19 SNPs, which allowed us to divide the samples into 41 haplotypes (OR909723‐OR909773). A higher number of haplotypes was detected in the Algerian population (n=24) compared to the French population (n=14), but both populations did not represent unique clusters and showed a high degree of genetic similarities. The result showed that the identified haplotypes of the SF belonged to four clades: L, A, B and G. The present report gives strong evidence that the Selle Français breed has been established based on a great influence of the Thoroughbred, whose close connection is more visible in the French population. The haplogroup assignment to L clades proved that the SF breed has European origin as ancestral haplogroup L was assigned to West and South Europe while A to West Asia and G and B to Middle East. Our results show SF as an example of a contemporary breed of sport horses with European roots further influenced by local breeds.

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The Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Revealed Some Major Centers of Horse Domestications: The Archaeologist's Cut

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data and mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 nucleotide sequence reveal the origin of the Akhal-Teke horse

Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data and mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 nucleotide sequence reveal the origin of the Akhal-Teke horse

Metabolomic and proteomic changes in Standardbred horses in training

Insight into the genetic diversity of Selle Français horse populations based on whole D-loop sequencing of mitochondrial DNA

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