The Sequence of Events that led to the 1963 Publications in <i>Nature</i> of 3C 273, the First Quasar and the First Extragalactic Radio Jet

Hazard, C.; Jauncey, D. L.; Goss, W. M.; Herald, D.

doi:10.1017/pasa.2017.62

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1. INTRODUCTION 3C 273 is an iconic object in extragalactic astronomy because of its historic role in discovering the first quasar and the first extragalactic radio jet (Hazard et al 2018). It is classified to be a flat-spectrum radio quasar that has both a prominent blue bump together with broad emission lines, indicative of an accretion disk radiating at its nucleus (Paltani et al 1998;Kriss et al 1999;Türler et al 1999;Soldi et al 2008), and a beamed jet, a characteristic typical for blazar objects (Davis et al 1991;Bahcall et al 1995;Abraham, & Romero 1999;Perley & Meisenheimer 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling Optical Emissions of the Jet and Accretion Disk in the Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 273 with Reverberation Mapping Data

Li,

Zhang,

Jin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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3C 273 is an intensively monitored flat-spectrum radio quasar with both a beamed jet and blue bump together with broad emission lines. The coexistence of the comparably prominent jet and accretion disk leads to complicated variability properties. Recent reverberation mapping monitoring for 3C 273 revealed that the optical continuum shows a distinct long-term trend that does not have a corresponding echo in the Hβ fluxes. We compile multi-wavelength monitoring data from the Swift archive and other ground-based programs and clearly find two components of emissions at optical wavelength. One component stems from the accretion disk itself and the other component can be ascribed to the jet contribution, which also naturally accounts for the non-echoed trend in reverberation mapping data. We develop an approach to decouple the optical emissions from the jet and accretion disk in 3C 273 with the aid of multi-wavelength monitoring data. The results show that the jet contributes a fraction of ∼ 25% at the minimum and up to ∼ 50% at the maximum to the total optical emissions. This is the first time to provide a physical interpretation to the "detrending" manipulation conventionally adopted in reverberation mapping analysis. Our work also illustrates the importance of appropriately analyzing variability properties in cases of coexisting jets and accretion disks.

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confidence: 99%

Untangling Optical Emissions of the Jet and Accretion Disk in the Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 273 with Reverberation Mapping Data

Li,

Zhang,

Jin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Allegedly [275], an editorial blunder had affiliated Hazard with CSIRO rather than with the University of Sydney. However, it has since been noted that CSIRO changed the details of Hazard's affiliation [272].…”

Section: -1965mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the path to the discovery of supermassive black holes 64 had begun [271][272][273]. In 1963, the spectra of the previously studied 'radio stars' were also realised to be highly redshifted, and much later work continued to push this frontier (for example, [274]).…”

Section: -1965mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Astronomy in Australia: Big-Impact Astronomy from World War II until the Lunar Landing (1945–1969)

Graham

Kenyon

Bull³

et al. 2021

Galaxies

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Radio astronomy commenced in earnest after World War II, with Australia keenly engaged through the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. At this juncture, Australia’s Commonwealth Solar Observatory expanded its portfolio from primarily studying solar phenomena to conducting stellar and extragalactic research. Subsequently, in the 1950s and 1960s, astronomy gradually became taught and researched in Australian universities. However, most scientific publications from this era of growth and discovery have no country of affiliation in their header information, making it hard to find the Australian astronomy articles from this period. In 2014, we used the then-new Astrophysics Data System (ADS) tool Bumblebee to overcome this challenge and track down the Australian-led astronomy papers published during the quarter of a century after World War II, from 1945 until the lunar landing in 1969. This required knowledge of the research centres and facilities operating at the time, which are briefly summarised herein. Based on citation counts—an objective, universally-used measure of scientific impact—we report on the Australian astronomy articles which had the biggest impact. We have identified the top-ten most-cited papers, and thus also their area of research, from five consecutive time-intervals across that blossoming quarter-century of astronomy. Moreover, we have invested a substantial amount of time researching and providing a small tribute to each of the 62 scientists involved, including several trail-blazing women. Furthermore, we provide an extensive list of references and point out many interesting historical connections and anecdotes.

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“…This breakthrough was followed by the pioneering efforts of radio survey groups in Australia [3] and the United Kingdom [4], which conducted the first large-scale radio surveys (for a comprehensive review, refer to [5]). The first quasar, 3C273, was discovered a few years later in 1963 (see [6][7][8] for a historical review). These pivotal developments laid the foundation for observational studies of radio galaxies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Powerful Radio Galaxies

Turner

Shabala

2023

Galaxies

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Analytical models describing the dynamics of lobed radio sources are essential for interpretation of the tens of millions of radio sources that will be observed by the Square Kilometre Array and pathfinder instruments. We propose that historical models can be grouped into two classes in which the forward expansion of the radio source is driven by either the jet momentum flux or lobe internal pressure. The most recent generation of analytical models combines these limiting cases for a more comprehensive description. We extend the mathematical formalism of historical models to describe source expansion in non-uniform environments, and directly compare different model classes with each other and with hydrodynamic numerical simulations. We quantify differences in predicted observable characteristics for lobed radio sources due to the different model assumptions for their dynamics. We have made our code for the historical models analysed in this review openly available to the community.

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The Sequence of Events that led to the 1963 Publications in Nature of 3C 273, the First Quasar and the First Extragalactic Radio Jet

Abstract: We have undertaken a detailed investigation, based on the available evidence, of the sequence of events that led to the historical discovery of the first quasar, 3C 273.

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Untangling Optical Emissions of the Jet and Accretion Disk in the Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 273 with Reverberation Mapping Data

Untangling Optical Emissions of the Jet and Accretion Disk in the Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 273 with Reverberation Mapping Data

History of Astronomy in Australia: Big-Impact Astronomy from World War II until the Lunar Landing (1945–1969)

Dynamics of Powerful Radio Galaxies

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