The sequential introduction of compliance training components with elementary-aged children in general education classroom settings.

Teachers’ Commands and Their Role in Preschool Classrooms

“…Research suggests that by using specific forms of commands, one is able to increase young children's compliance (Ford et al, 2001;Houlihan et al, 1994;Roberts & Powers, 1988). There is a significant amount of research to suggest that some command forms may be more effective at specific age levels (Elrod, 1987;Roberts & Powers, 1988).…”

“…Teachers' instructions to students within the classroom, aid in the acquisition of both the students' academic and nonacademic skills. Teachers' commands promote verbal and social skills, and facilitate appropriate classroom behavior (Atwater & Morris, 1988;Ford, Olmi, Edwards & Tingstrom, 2001;Matheson & Shriver, 2005;Noell, VanDerHeyden, Gatti & Whitmarsh, 2001). In this respect, compliance to teacher commands is an integral aspect of classroom behavior management.…”

Parental Use of Time Out Revisited: A Useful or Harmful Parenting Strategy?

“…Time out is always used in combination with other strategies, in the context of a positive parent-child relationship. It is not recommended to use time out in isolation, as a stand alone strategy (Anderson and King 1974), with evidence suggesting that it is less effective alone than when used in combination (Everett et al 2007;Ford et al 2001;Lucas 2000;Olmi et al 1997;Willoughby 1969Willoughby , 1970. The more positive the ''time in'' environment, the less uninteresting the time out environment has to be to for time out to be effective (Hobbs and Forehand 1977;Solnick et al 1977).…”

“…There is evidence that the addition of time out, in the context of a comprehensive behaviour management plan, adds to reductions in aggression, destructive behaviour and non-compliance, over and above components such as rewards, praise, social reinforcement, use of effective instructions, response cost and social skills training (Fabiano et al 2004;Ford et al 2001;Hobbs et al 1984;Kaminski et al 2008;Roberts et al 1981). It has been used successfully with 1-year old infants to reduce the occurrence of dangerous behaviour (Mathews et al 1987), with preschoolers to reduce aggression (Firestone 1976), and to reduce sibling aggression (Olson and Roberts 1987), for children and youth in psychiatric settings (Crespi 1988;Joshi et al 1988), and for children diagnosed with ADHD participating in a summer camp (Fabiano et al 2004).…”

“…There is considerable evidence that time out is effective as a strategy for the vast majority of children, over and above the effects of social rewards and other behaviour management strategies (Fabiano et al 2004;Ford et al 2001;Hobbs et al 1984). Time out has been applied effectively to children across age groups, including in adolescence (Crespi 1988;Jones and Downing 1991), however, strategies do need to be tailored to the age and developmental stage of the child.…”