The seroprevalence of untreated chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors in male Irish prisoners: a cross-sectional study, 2017

Crowley, Desmond; Lambert, John S.; Betts-Symonds, Graham W.; Cullen, William R.; Keevans, Mary; Kelly, Enda; Laird, Éamon; McHugh, Tina; McKiernan, Susan; Miggin, Sarah Jayne; Murphy, Catherine; Murtagh, Ross; O’Reilly, Deirdre; Tobin, Ciara; Hout, Marie Claire Van

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.14.1800369

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We further analyzed these 16 cases, which constitute one of the largest cohorts of HHpgV-1 viremic individuals in the literature. Their demographic characteristics revealed novel potential routes of acquisition such as receiving a tattoo or having sex with men, both recognized risk factors for blood-borne viruses [18, 19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Hepegivirus 1 Infection in Patients With Hepatitis C

Sridhar

Yip

Chew

et al. 2019

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Transmission of human hepegivirus 1 (HHpgV-1), a novel human pegivirus, is closely associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The impact of HHpgV-1 viremia on HCV infection is unknown. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the impact of HHpgV-1 viremia on HCV viral load and liver injury and (b) elucidate the clinical and molecular epidemiology of HHpgV-1 infection. Methods Individuals with HHpgV-1 viremia (cases) were identified by screening plasma from 655 HCV-infected adults. HHpgV-1 isolates were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis, and viral load was quantified. Cases were age- and sex-matched to HCV-infected individuals without HHpgV-1 viremia (controls) in a 1:3 ratio. A retrospective case–control analysis was performed to identify differences in HCV viral load and parameters of liver injury. Results Among HCV-infected adults, 16/655 (2.4%) had HHpgV-1 viremia. Risk groups for HHpgV-1 infection included intravenous drug users, blood product recipients, tattoo recipients, and men who have sex with men. Viral sequences clustered into 2 distinct HHpgV-1 genogroups. Cases had a higher mean HCV viral load than controls, with difference between means of 0.58 log10 IU/mL (P = .009). Cases were more likely to have an HCV viral load >5 log10 IU/mL (P = .028). Multiple regression demonstrated the impact of HHpgV-1 viral load and infection status on HCV viral load. HHpgV-1 infection was not associated with higher liver function tests, fibrosis scores, or imaging abnormalities. Conclusions HHpgV-1 viremia is associated with a higher HCV viral load in co-infected patients. HHpgV-1 infection does not affect progression of HCV-related liver disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Hepegivirus 1 Infection in Patients With Hepatitis C

Sridhar

Yip

Chew

et al. 2019

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…This study is a follow up study from a previously published 2017 cross sectional study that estimated the prevalence of untreated chronic HCV infection and associated risk factors in a male Irish prisoners [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New hepatitis C virus infection, re-infection and associated risk behaviour in male Irish prisoners: a cohort study, 2019

et al. 2021

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Background Prisoners are recognised as a high-risk population and prisons as high-risk locations for the transmission of hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection. Injecting drug use (IDU) is the main driver of HCV infection in prisoners and harm reduction services are often suboptimal in prison settings. HCV prevalence and incident data in prisoners is incomplete which impacts the public health opportunity that incarceration provides in identifying, treating and preventing HCV infection. The aim of this study is to identify new HCV infection and associated risk factors in an Irish male prison. Methods We conducted a follow up (18-month) cohort study on prisoners who had previously tested negative, self-cleared or had been successfully treated for HCV infection. We conducted the study in a male medium security prison located in Dublin Ireland (Mountjoy Prison) using HCV serology, a review of medical records and a researcher-administered questionnaire. Results 99 prisoners with a mean age of 33.2 yrs. participated in the study and 82(82.8%) completed a research-administered questionnaire. Over half (51%) had a history of drug use from a young age (14.8 yrs.), 49.9% a history of heroin use and 39% a history of IDU. The prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus core antibody was 3% and HCV antibody was 22.2%. No new HCV infections were identified in those who had never been infected (n = 77), had self-cleared (n = 9) or achieved sustained virological response (n = 12). Small numbers of prisoners continued to engage in risk-behaviour including, IDU both in the prison (n = 2) and the community (n = 3), sharing syringes (n = 1) and drug taking paraphernalia (n = 6) and receiving non-sterile tattoos (n = 3). Conclusion Despite the high numbers of Irish prisoners with a history of IDU and HCV infection, new HCV infection is low or non-existent in this population. Small numbers of prisoners continue to engage in risk behaviour and larger studies are required to further understand HCV transmission in this cohort in an Irish and international context.

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“…We observed that there is increase prevalence of hepatitis c disease in males in comparison to female (207, 156 respectively). These observations may also be attributed to the IDU, as males were more affected [44] [45]. Also there is more exposure of males to the environment as compared to females, in our area of study, which may be another contributing factor and hence males were main target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Anti-viral effect of Indigoferra gerardiana on core protein of HCV and clinical significance of serum markers in chronic HCV genotype 3a patients in district Peshawar

Mumtaz¹,

Ahmed²,

Tariq³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background/aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease is a health challenge due resistance cases globally. Many plant-derived natural compounds have demonstrated antiviral effects. These plants can provide an alternative way to new antiviral. Core protein of HCV has ability to interact with a wide range of viral and cellular proteins, including proto-oncogenes. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, total of 421 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) positive patients were subjected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The correlation of genotype with continuous and categorical variables was analyzed. Furthermore, antiviral activity of indigoferra gerardiana (IG) was tested against core protein of HCV. The amplified complete core protein of HCV genotype 3a was sequenced and cloned. IG was extracted and screened against core protein of HCV 3a genotype in cell line. Results: Genotype 3a was the common genotype type of HCV (n=363, 86%). Significant differences were observed in viral load among 3a genotype of HCV (< P 0.05). Frequently detected age group was 21-40 (59.4%) Sex and age were statistically associated with HCV infection (49% males and 37% in females). The results of RT-PCR demonstrated that methanolic extract of IG showed 57% reduction of infecting cells. Conclusions: Methanolic extract of IG showed good antiviral activity i.e. 57% reduction of infecting cells.

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The seroprevalence of untreated chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors in male Irish prisoners: a cross-sectional study, 2017

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Hepegivirus 1 Infection in Patients With Hepatitis C

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Hepegivirus 1 Infection in Patients With Hepatitis C

New hepatitis C virus infection, re-infection and associated risk behaviour in male Irish prisoners: a cohort study, 2019

Anti-viral effect of Indigoferra gerardiana on core protein of HCV and clinical significance of serum markers in chronic HCV genotype 3a patients in district Peshawar

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