The Settlement of International Cultural Heritage Disputes

Chechi, Alessandro

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703990.001.0001

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Some scholars have highlighted that this provision has been the subject of only limited analysis, 19 while others have pointed out that it does not "refer to the broad notions of 'cultural property' or 'cultural heritage'" but to a more restrictive concept. 20 Following this line of thinking, it has been stressed that Article XX(f) does not resolve the problematic relation between trade liberalization and the protection of culture, with specific regard to the complex legal nature of cultural "services" and "industries", which include television and cinema. 21 This idea is further supported by the lack of a paragraph addressing national treasures, cultural heritage, or culture in the general exceptions provision of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).…”

Section: Nr 2 2019 (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting and Applying Article XX(f) of the GATT 1994: “National Treasures” in International Trade Law

Gagliani¹

2019

SNR

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Article XX(f) of the GATT 1994 provides WTO Members with the possibility to adopt measures, which would otherwise be inconsistent with the GATT 1994, when such measures are "imposed for the protection of national treasures of artistic, historic and archaeological value", and when the requirements of the so-called "chapeau" of Article XX are complied with. This provision has never been tested by WTO Panels or the Appellate Body (AB), and scholarly doctrine has not been unanimous in its reading. This paper analyzes this provision, combining previous AB jurisprudence and public international law rules on treaty interpretation and application in order to elucidate the scope of this provision. It is argued, first, that certain forms of cultural expressions such as books, music, or food, even though they may be (re)produced through industrial processes, may fall under the scope of Article XX(f). Second, and most importantly, it is submitted that not all uncertainties concerning Article XX(f) can be resolved at once. This is due to the inherently fluid and ever-evolving nature of artistic, historic, and archaeological value attached to certain goods and to the need to leave enough space for crystallized rules to adapt to values which evolve over time.

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Section: Nr 2 2019 (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting and Applying Article XX(f) of the GATT 1994: “National Treasures” in International Trade Law

Gagliani¹

2019

SNR

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“…And this structure in the postwar era has resulted in multilateral failure. In terms of holding states accountable, international cultural heritage law lacks legal enforcement, existing treaties have deficient systems of control and effective international tribunals are not in place (Chechi 2014). So the responsibility to implement, not just adopt as Van der Auwera notes, international heritage conventions rests with individual nations and UNESCO can only educate and encourage through diplomatic channels.…”

Section: Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gridlock: UNESCO, global conflict and failed ambitions

Meskell

2015

World Archaeology

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Deliberations over World Heritage designation increasingly provide a platform for new political alliances, international tensions and challenges to global cooperation. How has this situation arisen in UNESCO, an organization dedicated to fostering peace, tolerance and international co-operation? Since we now face an ever more interconnected world and our problems are more global they require solutions that traverse nation-states and require them to work effectively together. Yet any decision to act or protect, especially during conflict, inevitably leads to multi-polarity, fragmentation and impasse. Drawing on Hale and Held's theory of gridlock that underscores the failures of multilateralism across the UN generally, I suggest that World Heritage provides a salient example. Since UNESCO relies on the consent and participation of sovereign nations, their decisions often mirror the very lowest level of ambition to prevail. Case studies are drawn from recent conflict over World Heritage sites in Mali, Syria and Crimea.

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“…Conforme Chechi e Sanches (2013, p.44) A análise de séries temporais aplicada a dados climatológicos tem atraído um especial interesse nos últimos anos, pois o clima interfere diretamente em muitas atividades econômicas, determinando o sucesso ou fracasso de vários empreendimentos, sobretudo os ligados a produção agrícola (CHECHI;SANCHES, 2013, p.44).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Precipitação Histórica Do Mês De Outubro Para a Bacia Hidrográfica Do Alto Jacuí/Rs

Baratto

Wollmann

2017

CeN

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Resumo O objetivo este trabalho visa analisar a série temporal e especial da precipitação pluviométrica para o mês de outubro na bacia hidrográfica do Alto Jacuí/RS. A área de estudo está, localizada na Região Hidrográfica do Guaíba, abrange uma área de 12.985,44 km². Para esta pesquisa foram utilizados 27 postos pluviométricos distribuídos em toda a área de estudo. Esses dados foram tabulados e organizados no Excel

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The Settlement of International Cultural Heritage Disputes

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Interpreting and Applying Article XX(f) of the GATT 1994: “National Treasures” in International Trade Law

Interpreting and Applying Article XX(f) of the GATT 1994: “National Treasures” in International Trade Law

Gridlock: UNESCO, global conflict and failed ambitions

Precipitação Histórica Do Mês De Outubro Para a Bacia Hidrográfica Do Alto Jacuí/Rs

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