The severity of inflammation in major neuropsychiatric disorders: comparison of neutrophil–lymphocyte and platelet–lymphocyte ratios between schizophrenia, bipolar mania, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder

Bulut, Necati Serkut; Yorguner, Neşe; Bulut, Gresa Çarkaxhiu

doi:10.1080/08039488.2021.1919201

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The eighteen studies ( 17 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 46 – 49 , 52 – 56 , 102 ) selected in this meta-analysis were published between 2015 and 2021, and consisted of 2,264 depression cases and 2,415 controls. As displayed in Table 1 , we summarized the main characteristics of these studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seventeen studies ( 17 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 46 – 49 , 52 – 56 , 102 ) including a total of 2,220 patients with depression (800 males) and 2,256 controls (986 males) were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Depressed patients showed significantly higher NLR values compared with controls (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.52, p < 0.001) ( Figure 2A ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten studies ( 17 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 42 , 48 , 49 , 54 – 56 ) evaluated PLR between 1,399 patients with depression (534 males) and 1,727 controls (811 males). The PLR values were distinctly higher in depressed patients than in controls (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.02–0.46, p < 0.05), and the forest plot is shown in Figure 3A .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, a growing number of studies have investigated NLR, PLR, and MLR in psychological disorders, and showed that they were higher when compared to healthy controls ( 32 – 36 ). NLR, PLR, and MLR were all found to be elevated in patients with depression ( 37 – 41 ). Moreover, several studies have suggested that NLR was positively associated with severity of depression and might be a peripheral marker for suicidal vulnerability and behavior in depressed patients ( 42 , 43 , 103 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Depression: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cheng

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundResearch on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in depression is still emerging and has increased 3-fold since the first meta-analysis. An updated meta-analysis with sufficient studies can provide more evidence for a potential relationship between NLR, PLR, MLR, and depression.MethodsWe identified 18 studies from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases. Meta-analyses were performed to generate pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between patients with depression and controls. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and publication bias were conducted.ResultsA total of 18 studies including 2,264 depressed patients and 2,415 controls were included. Depressed patients had significantly higher NLR and PLR compared with controls (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.52, p < 0.001 and SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.02–0.46, p < 0.05, respectively). MLR was slightly higher in depressed individuals compared to controls (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.55, p > 0.05), despite the absence of significance. Sensitivity analysis removing one study responsible for heterogeneity showed a higher and significant effect (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20–0.44) of MLR. Three subgroup analyses of NLR, PLR, MLR, and depression revealed obvious differences in the inflammatory ratios between depressed patients and controls in China and the matched age and gender subgroup. Individuals with post-stroke depression (PSD) had higher NLR and MLR values as compared to non-PSD patients (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36–0.67, p < 0.001 and SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.12–0.79, p < 0.01, respectively). Meta-regression analyses showed that male proportion in the case group influenced the heterogeneity among studies that measured NLR values (p < 0.05).ConclusionsHigher inflammatory ratios, especially NLR, were significantly associated with an increased risk of depression. In the subgroup of China and matched age and gender, NLR, PLR, and MLR were all elevated in depressed patients vs. controls. Individuals with PSD had higher NLR and MLR values as compared to non-PSD patients. Gender differences may have an effect on NLR values in patients with depression.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Depression: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cheng

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Higher NLR have been correlated to negative prognostic in several human diseases and is also associated with all-cause mortality in the general population [12,13]. In recent years, there is a growing interest in NLR in psychiatric disorders suspected to be related to an immune deregulation such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders or depression [14]. To our knowledge, only two studies examined NLR in ASD, but with inconclusive results [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and history of maternal immune activation

Ellul

Maruani

Peyre

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Maternal immune activation (MIA), related to autoimmune/inflammatory diseases or acute infections, during the two first trimesters of pregnancy is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. In mice, MIA has a long-term impact on offspring’s immune equilibrium resulting in a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Methods: We therefore hypothesized that children with ASD and a history of MIA could display a similar phenotype such as a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). In this study, we used a retrospective sample of 231 dyads involving children with ASD and their mothers. Results: Among ASD patients, 12% had a history of MIA. The multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between NLR in children with ASD and maternal history of MIA (F=2.27, p=0.03). Using a categorical approach, we observed an abnormal NLR (over 3) in 7.4% of children with ASD MIA+ compared to 1.9% for MIA-. Conclusion: Our study reinforced preliminary evidence suggesting an impact of MIA on the risk of ASD. Further studies could contribute to the development of biomarkers in MIA+ ASD and enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.

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Inflammation in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A literature review and hypothesis‐based potential of transcranial photobiomodulation

Coelho,

Salvi,

Vieira

et al. 2024

J of Neuroscience Research

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric disorder that affects about 2%–3% of the global population. Despite the availability of several treatments, many patients with OCD do not respond adequately, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have associated various inflammatory processes with the pathogenesis of OCD, including alterations in peripheral immune cells, alterations in cytokine levels, and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that inflammation could be a promising target for intervention. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t‐PBM) with near‐infrared light is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has shown potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its efficacy in OCD remains to be fully explored. This study aimed to review the literature on inflammation in OCD, detailing associations with T‐cell populations, monocytes, NLRP3 inflammasome components, microglial activation, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, CRP, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. We also examined the hypothesis‐based potential of t‐PBM in targeting these inflammatory pathways of OCD, focusing on mechanisms such as modulation of oxidative stress, regulation of immune cell function, reduction of proinflammatory cytokine levels, deactivation of neurotoxic microglia, and upregulation of BDNF gene expression. Our review suggests that t‐PBM could be a promising, noninvasive intervention for OCD, with the potential to modulate underlying inflammatory processes. Future research should focus on randomized clinical trials to assess t‐PBM's efficacy and optimal treatment parameters in OCD. Biomarker analyses and neuroimaging studies will be important in understanding the relationship between inflammatory modulation and OCD symptom improvement following t‐PBM sessions.

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The severity of inflammation in major neuropsychiatric disorders: comparison of neutrophil–lymphocyte and platelet–lymphocyte ratios between schizophrenia, bipolar mania, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder

Cited by 33 publications

References 72 publications

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Depression: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Depression: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and history of maternal immune activation

Inflammation in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A literature review and hypothesis‐based potential of transcranial photobiomodulation

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