The sex-specific effects of diet quality versus quantity on morphology in
            <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Shingleton, Alexander W.; Masandika, Josephine R.; Thorsen, Lily; Zhu, Yuqing; Mirth, Christen K.

doi:10.1098/rsos.170375

Cited by 42 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…While quantity of food is certainly important, the quality of the food also matters. Studies over the past two decades have illustrated that the nutrient composition of diets impacts a wide range of adult traits, including size related traits (Blackmore and Lord, 2000;da Silva Soares et al, 2017;Gobbi et al, 2013;Grangeteau et al, 2018;Kutz et al, 2019;Magnarelli et al, 1982;Matavelli et al, 2015;Rodrigues et al, 2015;Sentinella et al, 2013;Shingleton et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2019;Tomberlin et al, 2002). For herbivorous and omnivorous insects, the nutrients that contribute the most to energy gain include protein and carbohydrate, with lipid playing a minor role (Behmer, 2009;Lee et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The balance of these macronutrients in the diet during the nymphal or larval stages can have an important impact on size-related traits. For most insects, size traits tend to correlate with the amount of protein available in the larval diet (da Silva Soares et al, 2017;Kutz et al, 2019;Matavelli et al, 2015;Rodrigues et al, 2015;Sentinella et al, 2013;Shingleton et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, we tested the effects of diet across life stages on appendage size and body mass in adult Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. In this insect, the caloric content and the concentration of protein and carbohydrate of the larval diet affects many adult size traits, such as body weight and appendage size (Bakker, 1959;David, 1970;Kutz et al, 2019;Rodrigues et al, 2015;Shingleton et al, 2017). To test the relative contribution of larval and adult diet to measures of adult size, we performed two experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason macronutrient balance is thought to matter for life history traits is that each trait requires specific amounts of either protein, carbohydrates, or both. For instance, the protein content of the larval diet appears to be the primary determinant of body size measures in several species of Drosophila (da Silva Soares et al, 2017; Kutz et al, 2019;Matavelli et al, 2015;Rodrigues et al, 2015;Shingleton et al, 2017). Taken together, it appears as though the source of calories, rather than the calories per se, shapes body size traits, with protein playing a central role in determining adult size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the reduced size measures from the low P:C ratio diets arise due to the negative effects of sugar on growth. Other studies have proposed that sugar negatively impacts growth in the larval stages to reduce appendage size (Shingleton et al, 2017). This is likely because high levels of sugar in the diet impair a number of physiological functions, leading to reduced growth and delayed development (Havula et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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When does diet matter? The roles of larval and adult nutrition in regulating adult size traits

Poças

Crosbie

Mirth

2019

Preprint

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Adult body size is determined by the quality and quantity of nutrients available to animals. In insects, nutrition affects adult size primarily during the nymphal or larval stages. However, measures of adult size like body weight are likely to also change with adult nutrition. In this study, we sought to the roles of nutrition throughout the life cycle on adult body weight and the size of two appendages, the wing and the femur, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.We manipulated nutrition in two ways: by varying the protein to carbohydrate content of the diet, called macronutrient restriction, and by changing the caloric density of the diet, termed caloric restriction. We employed a fully factorial design to manipulate both the larval and adult diets for both diet types. We found that manipulating the larval diet had greater impacts on all measures of adult size. Further, macronutrient restriction was more detrimental to adult size than caloric restriction. For adult body weight, a rich adult diet mitigated the negative effects of poor larval nutrition for both types of diets. In contrast, small wing and femur size caused by poor larval diet could not be increased with the adult diet. Taken together, these results suggest that appendage size is fixed by the larval diet, while those related to body composition remain sensitive to adult diet. Further, our studies provide a foundation for understanding how the nutritional environment of juveniles affects how adults respond to diet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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When does diet matter? The roles of larval and adult nutrition in regulating adult size traits

Poças

Crosbie

Mirth

2019

Preprint

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Nitrogen fertilization and high plant growing temperature increase herbivore performance

2021

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Global environmental change exerts growing pressure on biodiversity. Anthropogenic climate and land use change are particularly important drivers of biodiversity loss. While their effects on biodiversity have been widely studied individually, interactions among them are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effects of two common drivers of global change, increased temperature and nitrogen fertilization, on host-plant quality and herbivore performance in the butterfly Lycaena tityrus. We show that butterfly performance was positively affected by plants grown at increased temperatures and nitrogen fertilization, the latter being in line with the nitrogen limitation hypothesis. Effects were largely consistent across treatments; that is, nitrogen deposition and temperature did not interact strongly to affect herbivore performance. Overall, females suffered more strongly than males from poor host-plant quality. Our study demonstrates changes in host-plant quality caused by variation in temperature and nitrogen availability, which induced indirect effects in an herbivore. Such indirect effects of global environmental change are an important source of variation and should be considered in order to reduce uncertainties with regard to the effects of global change on biodiversity.

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Network‐regulated organ allometry: The developmental regulation of morphological scaling

Vea

Shingleton

2020

WIREs Developmental Biology

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Morphological scaling relationships, or allometries, describe how traits grow coordinately and covary among individuals in a population. The developmental regulation of scaling is essential to generate correctly proportioned adults across a range of body sizes, while the mis‐regulation of scaling may result in congenital birth defects. Research over several decades has identified the developmental mechanisms that regulate the size of individual traits. Nevertheless, we still have poor understanding of how these mechanisms work together to generate correlated size variation among traits in response to environmental and genetic variation. Conceptually, morphological scaling can be generated by size‐regulatory factors that act directly on multiple growing traits (trait‐autonomous scaling), or indirectly via hormones produced by central endocrine organs (systemically regulated scaling), and there are a number of well‐established examples of such mechanisms. There is much less evidence, however, that genetic and environmental variation actually acts on these mechanisms to generate morphological scaling in natural populations. More recent studies indicate that growing organs can themselves regulate the growth of other organs in the body. This suggests that covariation in trait size can be generated by network‐regulated scaling mechanisms that respond to changes in the growth of individual traits. Testing this hypothesis, and one of the main challenges of understanding morphological scaling, requires connecting mechanisms elucidated in the laboratory with patterns of scaling observed in the natural world. This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species

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The sex-specific effects of diet quality versus quantity on morphology in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 42 publications

References 72 publications

When does diet matter? The roles of larval and adult nutrition in regulating adult size traits

When does diet matter? The roles of larval and adult nutrition in regulating adult size traits

Nitrogen fertilization and high plant growing temperature increase herbivore performance

Network‐regulated organ allometry: The developmental regulation of morphological scaling

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