The shadow economy in three Mediterranean countries: France, Spain and Greece. A MIMIC approach

Abstract

Shadow economy, Structural equation model, O17, C39, H26,

Shadow Economy in Tourism: Some Conceptual Considerations from Croatia

“…), thereby influencing public sector decisions, producing changes in individual incentives and remuneration factors, etc. (Dell'Anno et al, 2006). In that context, Bejaković (2015) emphasizes that the reduced public revenues from taxes, in turn, reduce the quality and quantity of publicly provided goods and services.…”

Examining the Effective Social and Economic Factors on Underground Economy

“…That Tax and social security burdens and Quality of Institutions are the most effective factors (Dell'Anno, 2007., Gomez and Pardo, 2007., Dreher and Schneider, 2009., Dreher et al, 2009., Schneider, 2010., Teobaldelli, 2011., Teobaldelli and Schneider, 2012., Kucera and Roncolato, 2008., Torgler and Schneider, 2009., Feld and Frey, 2007.…”

EU Crisis and the Role of the Periphery

“…The choice of its value is restricted between two alternatives (+1 or À1), depending on which variable is used as scale variable. By a unitary base for normalization, the estimated coefficients are more easily comparable (Dell'Anno et al 2007). Labour force participation rate: this variable is calculated as the ratio of the total active labour force and the population of working age (15-64 years old).…”

“…Some authors like Giles and Tedds (2002) for Canada, Chattopadhyay et al (2003) for Asian countries find a positive relation between shadow economy and official GDP, while Kaufman and Kaliberda (1996) for Transition Countries, Loayza (1996) for Latin American countries, Dell'Anno et al (2007) for three Mediterranean countries such as France, Spain and Greece find an inverse relationship between the official and the unofficial sectors of the economy. The indeterminate nature of the relationship is further highlighted by Schneider (2005) who finds contradictory evidence within the same study: a negative relationship for transition and developing countries and a positive relationship for developed countries.…”