The Shape and Growth of Forest Trees

Gadow, Klaus von; González, Juan Gabriel Álvarez; Zhang, Chunyu; Pukkala, Timo; Zhao, Xiuhai

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58714-7_4

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Selection acts upon relative fitness and thereby primarily depends on the biotic environment (Red Queen hypothesis, Van Valen, 1973): in a sense, selection is competition. In many tree species, current phenotypes reflect past selection and competition (Von Gadow et al, 2021), and competition is known to play an important role in shaping species distribution (Case et al, 2005; Savolainen et al, 2007; Wisz et al, 2013). In the particular case of competition for light and space, wood is an important tissue, since radial growth of the woody stem provides the mechanical support for woody plants to grow tall and gain a competitive advantage (Givnish, 1982; Iwasa, 1985; Falster & Westoby, 2003; Falster & Westoby, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New abiotic and biotic pressures encountered during the glacial cycles presumably led to new adaptations. In many tree species, current phenotypes partly reflect past selection (Von Gadow et al, 2021), and selection is known to play an important role in shaping species distribution (Case et al, 2005; Savolainen et al, 2007; Wisz et al, 2013; Li et al, 2022). Among others, wood is one of the main tissues undergoing selection, since radial growth of the woody stem provides the mechanical support for woody plants to grow tall and gain a competitive advantage (Givnish, 1982; Iwasa, 1985; Falster & Westoby, 2003; Falster & Westoby, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro-phenotypes in Norway spruce

Tiret

Zhou

Scheepers

et al. 2022

Preprint

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During the climate warming after the last glaciation event, many plant species underwent an expansion that still today shapes their current distribution and population structure. Norway spruce was no exception, and its current distribution is the result of a complex demographic history. Recolonization abilities depend on the competitive ability, but little is known about the shaping force of competition during post-glacial expansions in tree species. In the present study, we investigated the different competitive abilities of the post-glacial genetic clusters of Norway spruce. We assessed the adaptations underlying the trunk diameter, wood density and tracheid traits using a large dataset of 4,461 individuals from 396 half-sib families, 118,145 SNPs from, mixed linear models and multiple Genome-Wide Association Studies, in the progeny tests implemented by the Swedish breeding program. We show that (i) in terms of competition, macroscopic traits are what matters, much more so than tracheid dimensions; (ii) the ability to benefit from early competition is stronger in core populations or ancient refugia; and (iii) population structure for Norway spruce is intrinsically associated with latitude, and as such is a good predictor of adaptation but an impediment for detecting underlying genetic variants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro-phenotypes in Norway spruce

Tiret

Zhou

Scheepers

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…New abiotic and biotic pressures encountered during the glacial cycles presumably led to new adaptations. In many tree species, current phenotypes partly reflect past selection (Von Gadow et al, 2021 ), and selection is known to play an important role in shaping species distribution (Case et al, 2005 ; Li et al, 2022 ; Savolainen et al, 2007 ; Wisz et al, 2013 ). Among others, wood is one of the main tissues undergoing selection since radial growth of the woody stem provides the mechanical support for woody plants to grow tall and gain a competitive advantage (Falster & Westoby, 2003 , 2005 ; Givnish, 1982 ; Iwasa et al, 1985 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the present population structure is the result of successive cycles of glaciation events that led to a series of demographic contractions and expansions, the current distribution of many species has, at least in part, been shaped by the different ecological processes and selective pressures that acted during the period after the Last Glacial Maximum (e.g., Palmé et al, 2003;Petit et al, 2002).New abiotic and biotic pressures encountered during the glacial cycles presumably led to new adaptations. In many tree species, current phenotypes partly reflect past selection (Von Gadow et al, 2021),…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro‐phenotypes in Norway spruce

Tiret

Olsson

Grahn

et al. 2022

Evolutionary Applications

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The current distribution and population structure of many species were, to a large extent, shaped by cycles of isolation in glacial refugia and subsequent population expansions. Isolation in and postglacial expansion through heterogeneous environments led to either neutral or adaptive divergence. Norway spruce is no exception, and its current distribution is the consequence of a constant interplay between evolutionary and demographic processes. We investigated population differentiation and adaptation of Norway spruce for juvenile growth, diameter of the stem, wood density, and tracheid traits at breast height. Data from 4461 phenotyped and genotyped Norway spruce from 396 half‐sib families in two progeny tests were used to test for divergent selection in the framework of Q ST vs. F ST . We show that the macroscopic resultant trait (stem diameter), unlike its microscopic components (tracheid dimensions) and juvenile growth, was under divergent selection that predated the Last Glacial Maximum. Altogether, the current variation in these phenotypic traits in Norway spruce is better explained by local adaptation to ancestral environments than to current ones, where populations were partly preadapted, mainly through growth‐related traits.

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Resource‐explicit interactions in spatial population models

Champer,

Chae,

Haller

et al. 2024

Methods Ecol Evol

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Continuous‐space population models can yield significantly different results from their panmictic counterparts when assessing evolutionary, ecological or population genetic processes. However, the computational burden of spatial models is typically much greater than that of panmictic models due to the overhead of determining which individuals interact with one another and how strongly they interact. While these calculations are necessary to model local competition that regulates the population density, they can lead to prohibitively long runtimes. Here, we present a novel modelling method in which the resources available to a population are abstractly represented as an additional layer of the simulation. Instead of interacting directly with one another, individuals interact indirectly via this resource layer. We find that this method closely matches other spatial models, yet can dramatically increase the speed of the model, allowing the simulation of much larger populations. In addition to improved runtimes, models structured in this manner exhibit other desirable characteristics, including more explicit control over population density near the edge of the simulated area, and an efficient route for modelling complex heterogeneous landscapes.

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The Shape and Growth of Forest Trees

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro-phenotypes in Norway spruce

Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro-phenotypes in Norway spruce

Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro‐phenotypes in Norway spruce

Resource‐explicit interactions in spatial population models

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