The shape of circumferential weld-induced imperfections in thin-walled steel silos and tanks

A Full 3D Finite Element Model for Buckling Analysis of Stiffened Steel Liners in Hydroelectric Pressure Tunnels

“…This analysis yields the buckling modes and the safety factor against instability. Neither geometrical imperfections nor non-linear behavior (material, geometric, boundary conditions ...) can be considered in this type of analysis [26]. For this reason, linear buckling has been used to determine the buckling pressure and the corresponding mode for unconstrained liners, which may be idealized as cylindrical shells.…”

Analysis of geometric imperfections in full-scale welded steel silos

“…Nevertheless the aim of buckling strength assessment is the good engineering design of full-scale structures so the analysis of their imperfection forms should be of critical concern to researchers. Because of the difficulties, it is quite common for imperfections to be measured on small segments of the structure [24,25,22] and such measurements are required by standards [16,17]. However, these small segments have not yet been shown to give a reliable measure of the effect of the full imperfection set on the buckling strength.…”

The influence of a weld-induced axi-symmetric imperfection on the buckling of a medium-length silo under wind loading

“…The cooling of the welding material at the circumferential joints causes small inward deflections in the finished structure which are also accompanied by residual stresses. Pircher et al (2001a) calibrated a theoretical approach based on elastic shell theory against measured data and suggested a shape function given by…”