The shape of deep-water siliciclastic systems: A discussion

Pickering, Kevin T.

doi:10.1007/bf02462798

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The general setting, apparently devoid of major channels, is inferred to have been an oversupplied basin plain (Pickering, 1982), similar to the example described by Ricci Lucchi and Valmori (1980). This interpretation is supported by disperse paleocurrents (see below).…”

Section: Depositional Processessupporting

confidence: 62%

Sedimentology of Deep-Water Volcaniclastics, Oligocene Izu-Bonin Forearc Basin, Based on Formation MicroScanner Images

Hiscott¹,

Colella²,

Pezard³

et al. 1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Three sites were drilled in the Izu-Bonin forearc basin during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 126. High-quality formation microscanner (FMS) data from two of the sites provide images of part of a thick, volcaniclastic, middle to upper Oligocene, basin-plain turbidite succession. The FMS images were used to construct bed-by-bed sedimentary sections for the depth intervals 2232-2441 m below rig floor (mbrf) in Hole 792E, and 4023^330 mbrf in Hole 793B. Beds vary in thickness from those that are: near or below the resolution of the FMS tool (2.5 cm) to those that are 10-15 m thick. The bed thicknesses are distributed according to a power law with an exponent of about 1.0. There are no obvious upward thickening or thinning sequences in the bed-by-bed sections. Spaced packets of thick and very thick beds may be a response to (1) low stands of global sea level, particularly at 30 Ma, (2) periods of increased tectonic uplift, or (3) periods of more intense volcanism.Graded sandstones, most pebbly sandstones, and graded to graded-stratified conglomerates were deposited by turbidity currents. The very thick, mainly structureless beds of sandstone, pebbly sandstone, and pebble conglomerate are interpreted as sandy debris-flow deposits. Many of the sediment gravity flows may have been triggered by earthquakes. Long recurrence intervals of 0.3-1 m.y. for the very thickest beds are consistent with triggering by large-magnitude earthquakes (M = 9) with epicenters approximately 10-50 km away from large, unstable accumulations of volcaniclastic sand and ash on the flanks of arc volcanoes.Paleocurrents were obtained from the grain fabric of six thicker sandstone beds, and ripple migration directions in about 40 thinner beds; orientations were constrained by the FMS images. The data from ripples are very scattered and cannot be used to specify source positions. They do, however, indicate that the paleoenvironment was a basin plain where weaker currents were free to follow a broad range of flow paths. The data from sandstone fabric are more reliable and indicate that turbidity currents flowed toward 150° during the time period from 28.9 to 27.3 Ma. This direction is essentially along the axis of the forearc basin, from north to south, with a small component of flow away from the western margin of the basin.

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Section: Depositional Processessupporting

confidence: 62%

Sedimentology of Deep-Water Volcaniclastics, Oligocene Izu-Bonin Forearc Basin, Based on Formation MicroScanner Images

Hiscott¹,

Colella²,

Pezard³

et al. 1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…(3) Abyssal knolls and seahills spread in the entire abyssal plain across the basin. They are thought to be the product of subsurface salt anticlines and pillows developed in response to oceanic crust deformation; (4) a small high flat topped circular mound in the middle of the abyssal plain is interpreted as a mud volcano extruding sediments and fluids of likely pre-Messinian origin sourced in the Menorca and Mallorca southern shelves (Kelling et al 1979;Pickering 1982;Canals et al 2004) in the form of subsurface salt anticlines and pillows.…”

Section: Halokinesismentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphogenesis of the SW Balearic continental slope and adjacent abyssal plain, Western Mediterranean Sea

Camerlenghi

Accettella

Costa

et al. 2008

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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We present the seafloor morphology and shallow seismic structure of the continental slope south-east of the Balearic promontory and of the adjacent Algero-Balearic abyssal plain from multibeam and chirp sonar data. The main purpose of this research was to identify the sediment pathways from the Balearic promontory to the Algero-Balearic deep basin from the Early Pliocene to the Present. The morphology of the southern Balearic margin is controlled by a SW-NE structural trend, whose main expressions are the Emile Baudot Escarpment transform fault, and a newly discovered WSW-ENE trend that affects the SW end of the escarpment and the abyssal plain. We relate the two structural trends to right-lateral simple shear as a consequence of the Miocene westward migration of the Gibraltar Arc. Newly discovered steep and narrow volcanic ridges were probably enabled to grow by local transtension along the transform margin. Abyssal plain knolls and seahills relate to the subsurface deformation of early stage halokinetic structures such as salt rollers, salt anticlines, and salt pillows. The limited thickness of the overburden and the limited amount of deformation in the deep basin prevent the formation of more mature halokinetic structures such as diapirs, salt walls, bulbs, and salt extrusions. The uppermost sediment cover is affected by a dense pattern of sub-vertical small throw normal faults resulting from extensional stress induced in the overburden by subsurface salt deformation structures. Shallow gas seismic character and the possible presence of an active polygonal fault system suggest upward fluid migration and fluid and sediment expulsion at the seafloor through a probable mud volcano and other piercement structures. One large debris flow deposit, named Formentera Debris Flow, has been identified on the lower slope and rise of the south Formentera margin. Based on current observations, we hypothesize that the landslide originating the Formentera Debris Flow occurred in the Holocene, perhaps in historical times.

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“…Numerous authors have described fans of this type and various synonyms exist: large deep-water or open-basin fan [8,11], high-efficiency fan [12], muddy fan (D. J. W. Piper, personal communication, 1982), delta-fed fan [3], and morphologically poorly-developed fan [13]. Modem examples include the Astoria, Bengal, Indus, Mississippi, Amazon, Laurentian, and Rhone Fans among others, and the facies distribution is best characterized by Stow [11] and Nelson [8].…”

Section: Sediment Type and Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of fan has been variously termed a restrictedbasin fan [8], low efficiency fan [12], sandy fan (D. J. W. Piper, personal communication, 1982), canyon-fed fan [3], small fan, and morphologically well-developed fan [13]. Among many modem examples are La Jolla, Navy, San Lucas, and Redondo Fans on the western margin of North America from which Normark has derived his model [3,18].…”

Section: Sediment Type and Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls on submarine fan and slope-apron turbidite systems

1983

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To help understand factors that influence submarine fan deposition, we outline some of the principal sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls involved in deep-water sedimentation, give some data on the rates at which they operate, and evaluate their probable effects. Three depositional endmember systems, two submarine fan types (elongate and radial), and a third nonfan, slope-apron system result primarily from variations in sediment type and supply. Tectonic setting and local and global sea-level changes further modify the nature of fan growth, the distribution of facies, and the resulting vertical stratigraphic sequences.

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The shape of deep-water siliciclastic systems: A discussion

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Sedimentology of Deep-Water Volcaniclastics, Oligocene Izu-Bonin Forearc Basin, Based on Formation MicroScanner Images

Sedimentology of Deep-Water Volcaniclastics, Oligocene Izu-Bonin Forearc Basin, Based on Formation MicroScanner Images

Morphogenesis of the SW Balearic continental slope and adjacent abyssal plain, Western Mediterranean Sea

Sedimentary, tectonic, and sea-level controls on submarine fan and slope-apron turbidite systems

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