The Shear Deformation Zone and the Smoothing of Faults With Displacement

Perrin, C.; Waldhauser, F.; Scholz, Christopher H.

doi:10.1029/2020jb020447

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…This suggests either that shallow extension is accommodated elsewhere -perhaps by distributed deformation -or that the fault is structurally immature, by which we mean that it has yet to accommodate appreciable cumulative slip. The inference of structural immaturity is consistent with our observation of diffuse aftershock seismicity, much of it presumably on structures subsidiary to the mainshock fault (Powers & Jordan 2010;Pousse-Beltran et al 2020;Perrin et al 2021). Some of the N-S-oriented aftershocks, including the largest (M w 5.1) on 31 March 2019, may have occurred on the faults mapped by Alçiçek et al (2006) and .…”

Section: Calibrated Hypocenter Relocationssupporting

confidence: 89%

A reappraisal of active tectonics along the Fethiye-Burdur trend, southwestern Turkey

Nissen¹,

Cambaz²,

Gaudreau³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We investigate active tectonics in southwestern Turkey along the trend between Fethiye, near the eastern end of the Hellenic subduction zone, and Burdur, on the Anatolian plateau. Previously, regional GPS velocity data have been used to propose either (1) a NE-trending zone of strike-slip faulting coined the Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, or (2) a mix of uniaxial and radial extension accommodated by normal faults with diverse orientations. We test these models against the available earthquake data, updated in light of recent earthquakes at Acıpayam (20 March 2019, Mw 5.6) and Bozkurt (8 August 2019, Mw 5.8) — the largest in this region in the last two decades — and at Arıcılar (24 November 2017, Mw 5.3). Using Sentinel-1 InSAR and seismic waveforms and arrival times, we show that the Acıpayam, Bozkurt and Arıcılar earthquakes were buried ruptures on pure normal faults with subtle or indistinct topographic expressions. By exploiting ray paths shared with these well-recorded modern events, we relocate earlier instrumental seismicity throughout southwestern Turkey. We find that the 1971 Mw 6.0 Burdur earthquake likely ruptured a NW-dipping normal fault in an area of indistinct geomorphology near Salda Lake, contradicting earlier studies that place it on well-expressed faults bounding the Burdur basin. Overall, the northern Fethiye-Burdur trend is characterized by orthogonal normal faulting, consistent with radial extension and likely responsible for the distinct physiography of Turkey's 'Lake District'. The southern Fethiye-Burdur trend is dominated by ESE-WNW trending normal faulting, even though most faults evident in the topography strike NE-SW. This hints at a recent change in regional strain, perhaps related to eastward propagation of the Gökova graben into the area or to rapid subsidence of the Rhodes basin. Overall, our results support GPS-derived tectonic models that depict a mix of uniaxial and radial extension throughout southwestern Turkey, with no evidence for major, active strike-slip faults anywhere along the Fethiye-Burdur trend. Normal faulting orientations are consistent with a stress field driven primarily by contrasts in gravitational potential energy between the elevated Anatolian plateau and the low-lying Rhodes and Antalya basins.

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Section: Calibrated Hypocenter Relocationssupporting

confidence: 89%

A reappraisal of active tectonics along the Fethiye-Burdur trend, southwestern Turkey

Nissen¹,

Cambaz²,

Gaudreau³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The length and the total displacement on a fault are commonly taken as proxies of its structural maturity (e.g., Perrin et al., 2021 and references therein). Figures 3a and 3b show the standard deviation of the median gradient distribution (at L w of 2% L f , thus small scale) as a function of fault length and total displacement, respectively (other L w in Figures S4 in Supporting Information , Figures G–H).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major segments along mature faults thus form longer asperities with more homogeneous strength and lower fracture energy than those on immature faults. This makes mature faults more prone to produce long earthquake ruptures propagating easily and at fast speed on the fault plane and having fairly low stress drop (e.g., Manighetti et al., 2007; Perrin et al., 2016, 2021). Conversely, immature faults are expected to produce shorter, slower, yet more energetic ruptures (Böse & Heaton, 2010; Choy & Kirby, 2004; Fang & Dunham, 2013; Manighetti et al., 2007; Newman & Griffith, 2014; Perrin et al., 2016; Radiguet et al., 2009; Sagy et al., 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the concept appeared in early works (Anderson et al., 1996; Chester et al., 1993; Stirling et al., 1996; Wesnousky, 1988), the term was established more recently (Choy & Kirby, 2004; Manighetti et al., 2007) with attempts of quantification based on classifications of specific fault parameters (initiation age, total cumulative slip, length, and slip rate; Manighetti et al., 2007). Nowadays, the concept of fault structural maturity is extensively used, yet with no common definition nor metrics (e.g., Cheng & Barnhart, 2021; Dascher‐Cousineau et al., 2018; DuRoss et al., 2016; Huang, 2018; Kearse & Kaneko, 2020; Materna & Bürgmann, 2016; Perrin et al., 2021; Preuss et al., 2019; Thakur et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is long known that faults are corrugated and segmented laterally at various scales (e.g., Power et al., 1987; Schwartz & Sibson, 1989; Segall & Pollard, 1980; Wesnousky, 1988), and it has been suggested that these geometrical heterogeneities are smoothed out as the fault accumulates more slip (Anderson et al., 1996; Ben‐Zion & Sammis, 2003; Brodsky et al., 2011; Choy & Kirby, 2004; Cooke, 1997; Dascher‐Cousineau et al., 2018; De Joussineau & Aydin, 2009; Lohr et al., 2008; Nur & Israel, 1980; Perrin et al., 2021; Sagy et al., 2007; Stirling et al., 1996; Wechsler et al., 2010; Wesnousky, 1988). However, measurements supporting these suggestions were generally focused on small scales (corrugations called “roughness”) and local fault sections (Bistacchi et al., 2011; Brodsky et al., 2011, 2015; Brown & Scholz, 1985; Candela et al., 2009, 2012; De Joussineau & Aydin, 2009; Marone & Richardson, 2016; Power et al., 1987; Sagy & Brodsky, 2009), and they were not examined with respect to the structural maturity of the faults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fault Trace Corrugation and Segmentation as a Measure of Fault Structural Maturity

Manighetti

Mercier

Barros

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Faults are growing features: over geological time, generally, several Myrs, if submitted to tectonic stresses, a fault grows by accumulating slip and lengthening along-strike (e.g., Fossen & Rotevatn, 2016;Manighetti et al., 2001). Generally, the growth occurs through repeated earthquake ruptures. "Structural maturity" is a term coined to describe qualitatively the slip longevity of a fault; the longer the slip history, the more mature the fault. Although the concept appeared in early works (

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Seismological Indicators of Geologically Inferred Fault Maturity

Guo

Lay

Brodsky

2022

Preprint

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Variations in fault maturity have intermittently been invoked to explain variations in some seismological observations for large earthquakes. However, the lack of a unified geological definition of fault maturity makes quantitative assessment of its importance difficult. We evaluate the degree of empirical correlation between field measurements indicative of fault zone maturity and remotely measured seismological source parameters of 34 large shallow strike-slip events. Metrics based on fault segmentation, such as number of primary rupture segments and surface rupture azimuth, correlate best with seismic source attributes and the correlations with cumulative fault slip are somewhat weaker. Average rupture velocity shows the strongest correlation with metrics of maturity, followed by relative aftershock productivity. Mature faults have relatively lower aftershock productivity and higher rupture velocity. A more complex relation is found with moment-scaled radiated energy. There appears to be distinct behavior of very immature events with no prior mapped fault and < 1 km cumulative slip, which radiate modest seismic energy, while moderately mature faults have events with higher moment-scaled radiated energy and very mature faults with increasing cumulative slip tend to have events with reducing moment-scaled radiated energy. We also explore qualitative and composite assessments of maturity and arrive at similar trends. This empirical approach establishes that there are relationships between remote seismological observations and fault system maturity that can help to understand variations in seismic hazard among different fault environments and to assess the relative maturity of blind fault systems for which direct observations of maturity are very limited.

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The Shear Deformation Zone and the Smoothing of Faults With Displacement

Cited by 26 publications

References 131 publications

A reappraisal of active tectonics along the Fethiye-Burdur trend, southwestern Turkey

A reappraisal of active tectonics along the Fethiye-Burdur trend, southwestern Turkey

Fault Trace Corrugation and Segmentation as a Measure of Fault Structural Maturity

Seismological Indicators of Geologically Inferred Fault Maturity

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