The term "stagnant slab" usually refers to the widely distributed fast seismic anomalies within the circum-Pacific mantle transition zones (MTZ) (Fukao et al., 2009;Huang & Zhao, 2006). There are several proposed mechanisms for why slabs can stagnate in the MTZ. The first one is related to the buoyancy associated with phase transformations of major mantle minerals, where both the negative Clapeyron slope of the ringwoodite-bridgmanite transformation (Christensen & Yuen, 1985;Tackley et al., 1993) and the delayed pyroxene-garnet transformation (King et al., 2015) tend to trap the slab within the MTZ. The second one is about the viscosity structure (Gurnis & Hager, 1988), where either a large viscosity increase into the lower mantle or a thin low-viscosity-layer right below the 660 km is invoked (Mao & Zhong, 2018). The third one concerns the age of the subducting plates, where a progressively older subducting slab tends to result in obvious trench retreat and stagnant slabs in the MTZ (Yang et al., 2018). The fourth one is the trench retreat, commonly attributed as an important reason for slab stagnation (Christensen, 1996; van der Hilst & Seno, 1993;Zhong & Gurnis, 1995). Some recent studies suggest the potential role of former subduction (Hu & Gurnis, 2020;Liu et al., 2021), but the dynamic nature remains elusive. There is still no systematic evaluation of these effects using a data-driven thermal-chemical modeling framework.East Asia is an ideal location for studying subduction dynamics and slab stagnation. Numerous tomography models reveal high-velocity seismic anomalies in the MTZ beneath East Asia that are commonly interpreted as stagnant slabs (