The Sheffield Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Veelken, Julian A.; Laing, Rodney; Jakubowski, Jan

doi:10.1161/01.str.26.7.1279

Cited by 122 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the intraluminal CWp at the MCA branch appears to be the procedure that models the pathophysiology in humans most closely 5 . The method was developed and first described in rats by Bederson and colleagues and at the same time by Veelken and colleagues 6,7 . Later the intraluminal perforation model was adapted to mice 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Schüller¹,

Bühler²,

Plesnila³

2013

JoVE

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In this video publication a standardized mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is presented. Bleeding is induced by endovascular Circle of Willis perforation (CWp) and proven by intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Thereby a homogenous blood distribution in subarachnoid spaces surrounding the arterial circulation and cerebellar fissures is achieved. Animal physiology is maintained by intubation, mechanical ventilation, and continuous on-line monitoring of various physiological and cardiovascular parameters: body temperature, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and hemoglobin saturation. Thereby the cerebral perfusion pressure can be tightly monitored resulting in a less variable volume of extravasated blood. This allows a better standardization of endovascular filament perforation in mice and makes the whole model highly reproducible. Thus it is readily available for pharmacological and pathophysiological studies in wild type and genetically altered mice. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Schüller¹,

Bühler²,

Plesnila³

2013

JoVE

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“…The rat model of SAH causes ischemia, mainly in the perforation-side hemisphere and partly in the contralateral hemisphere. 9) The ischemia is rather mild and does not result in focal necrosis, but does induce expression of 70-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp70) and immediate early genes. 2,5) This focal ischemia may also cause focal osmolarity change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental SAH model was originally described by Veelken et al 9) and modified in our laboratory. Details of the procedures are described elsewhere.…”

Section: Sah Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induces Na+/myo-Inositol Cotransporter in the Rat Brain.

Kimura

Yamada²,

Masago³

et al. 2003

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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Neurons and glial cells respond to extracellular hyperosmolarity by accumulating small organic solutes, called``osmolytes.'' Na ＋ /myo-inositol is one of the major organic osmolytes in the brain and Na ＋ /myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT) regulates extracellular Na ＋ /myo-inositol content. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an osmotic stress-inducing event of the brain. The expression of SMIT messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein was investigated with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in rat brains with SAH induced by endovascular perforation. SMIT riboprobe was raised from a 490-bp rat SMIT complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. Anti-SMIT antibody was raised in rabbits. SMIT mRNA was expressed strongly in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of the perforated side at 6 to 24 hours after SAH. Mild upregulation was noted in the contralateral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The ventral aspect of the pons showed mild upregulation. Microautoradiography and immunostaining showed SMIT expression mainly in the neurons, but also in some non-neural cells in the hippocampus. The present results indicate that diffuse osmotic stress occurs in the host brain after SAH.

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“…There are several rat models of SAH, including endovascular perforation of the internal carotid artery [9][10][11], blood injection into pre-chiasmatic cistern [11], and blood injection into the cisterna magna [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The last model has 2 modifications: a single hemorrhagic model [16,18] and a double hemorrhagic model [13,19], which are intended to simulate the late complication of vasospasm commonly seen after SAH [13,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%