The Sherwood-Relics simulations: overview and impact of patchy reionization and pressure smoothing on the intergalactic medium

Puchwein, Ewald; Bolton, James S.; Keating, Laura C.; Molaro, Margherita; Gaikwad, Prakash; Kulkarni, Girish S.; Haehnelt, Martin G.; Iršič, Vid; Šoltinský, Tomáš; Viel, Matteo; Aubert, Dominique; Becker, George D.; Meiksin, Avery

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2207.13098

Cited by 2 publications

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“…We use a subset of simulations drawn from the Sherwood-Relics project (Puchwein et al 2022) to generate realistic Ly𝛼 and 21-cm forest spectra around bright quasars. The Sherwood-Relics models are high resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulations performed with a modified version of P-Gadget-3 (Springel 2005).…”

Section: Hydrodynamical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gnedin 2014;Finlator et al 2018;Ocvirk et al 2021;Lewis et al 2022;Garaldi et al 2022), Sherwood-Relics uses a novel, hybrid approach for self-consistently coupling the pressure response of the gas on small scales to the inhomogeneous heating from reionization (see also Oñorbe et al 2019). The ATON RT simulations are performed first, and the resulting three dimensional maps for the photo-ionization and photo-heating rates are then applied on-the-fly to the hydrodynamical simulations (see Puchwein et al 2022;Gaikwad et al 2020;Šoltinský et al 2021;Molaro et al 2022, for further details). The main advantage that Sherwood-Relics offers for this work is it provides a model for the spatial variations expected in the H I fraction and photo-ionization rates around the dark matter haloes hosting bright quasars at 𝑧 ≥ 6 (see also Lidz et al 2007;Satyavolu et al 2022).…”

Section: Hydrodynamical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we have therefore used the Sherwood-Relics simulations of inhomogeneous reionization (Puchwein et al 2022), coupled with line of sight radiative transfer calculations, to model the Ly𝛼 and 21-cm absorption in close proximity to 𝑧 ≳ 6 quasars. The empirically calibrated reionization histories available in the Sherwood-Relics simulation suite and the flexibility of our line of sight radiative transfer algorithm allows us to explore a large parameter space, including variations in the IGM neutral fraction, the X-ray background intensity, and the quasar age and spectral shape.…”

Section: O R I Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our goal is to explore this possibility by modelling the properties of proximate 21-cm absorbers in the diffuse IGM around (radioloud) quasars. We do this by building on the simulation framework presented in Šoltinský et al (2021), who used the Sherwood-Relics simulations (see Puchwein et al 2022) of inhomogeneous, late reionization to predict the properties of the 21-cm forest. In this work, we now additionally couple Sherwood-Relics with a line of sight radiative transfer code that simulates the photo-ionization and photoheating around bright quasars (for similar approaches see e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Probing quasar lifetimes with proximate 21-centimetre absorption in the diffuse intergalactic medium at redshifts z ≥ 6

Šoltinský

Bolton

Molaro

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Enhanced ionizing radiation in close proximity to redshift z ≳ 6 quasars creates short windows of intergalactic Lyα transmission blueward of the quasar Lyα emission lines. The majority of these Lyα near-zones are consistent with quasars that have optically/UV bright lifetimes of $t_{\rm Q}\sim 10^{5}-10^{7}\rm \, yr$. However, lifetimes as short as $t_{\rm Q}\lesssim 10^{4}\rm \, yr$ appear to be required by the smallest Lyα near-zones. These short lifetimes present an apparent challenge for the growth of $\sim 10^{9}\rm \, M_{\odot }$ black holes at z ≳ 6. Accretion over longer timescales is only possible if black holes grow primarily in an obscured phase, or if the quasars are variable on timescales comparable to the equilibriation time for ionized hydrogen. Distinguishing between very young quasars and older quasars that have experienced episodic accretion with Lyα absorption alone is challenging, however. We therefore predict the signature of proximate 21-cm absorption around z ≳ 6 radio-loud quasars. For modest pre-heating of intergalactic hydrogen by the X-ray background, where the spin temperature $T_{\rm S} \lesssim 10^{2}\rm \, K$ prior to any quasar heating, we find proximate 21-cm absorption should be observable in the spectra of radio-loud quasars. The extent of the proximate 21-cm absorption is sensitive to the integrated lifetime of the quasar. Evidence for proximate 21-cm absorption from the diffuse intergalactic medium within $2-3\rm \, pMpc$ of a (radio-loud) quasar would be consistent with a short quasar lifetime, $t_{\rm Q}\lesssim 10^{5}\rm \, yr$, and would provide a complementary constraint on models for high redshift black hole growth.

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Section: Hydrodynamical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrodynamical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O R I Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Probing quasar lifetimes with proximate 21-centimetre absorption in the diffuse intergalactic medium at redshifts z ≥ 6

Šoltinský

Bolton

Molaro

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…In this context, Molaro et al (2022) (hereafter M22) used Sherwood-Relics -a set of hybrid radiation hydrodynamical simuluations of the IGM during reionization (Puchwein et al 2022) -to study the effect of patchy reionization on the 1D Ly𝛼 forest power spectrum. In agreement with a number of other studies (Cen et al 2009;Keating et al 2018;D'Aloisio et al 2018;Oñorbe et al 2019;Wu et al 2019;Montero-Camacho & Mao 2020), M22 found that remnant patches of hot, highly ionised, low density hydrogen left over following reionization produce large-scale variations in the Ly𝛼 forest transmission at 4.2 < 𝑧 < 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible evidence for a large-scale enhancement in the Lyman-$α$ forest power spectrum at redshift $\mathbf{\textit{z}\geq 4}$

Molaro¹,

Iršič²,

Bolton³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Inhomogeneous reionization enhances the 1D Ly𝛼 forest power spectrum on large scales at redshifts 𝑧 ≥ 4. This is due to coherent fluctuations in the ionized hydrogen fraction that arise from large-scale variations in the post-reionization gas temperature, which fade as the gas cools. It is therefore possible to use these relic fluctuations to constrain inhomogeneous reionization with the power spectrum at wavenumbers log 10 (𝑘/km −1 s) −1.5. We use the Sherwood-Relics suite of hybrid radiation hydrodynamical simulations to perform a first analysis of new Ly𝛼 forest power spectrum measurements at 4.0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 4.6. These data extend to wavenumbers log 10 (𝑘/km −1 s) −3, with a relative uncertainty of 10-20 per cent in each wavenumber bin. Our analysis returns a 2.7𝜎 preference for an enhancement in the Ly𝛼 forest power spectrum at large scales, in excess of that expected for a spatially uniform ultraviolet background. This large-scale enhancement could be a signature of inhomogeneous reionization, although the statistical precision of these data is not yet sufficient for obtaining a robust detection of the relic post-reionization fluctuations. We show that future power spectrum measurements with relative uncertainties of 2.5 per cent should provide unambiguous evidence for an enhancement in the power spectrum on large scales.

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The Sherwood-Relics simulations: overview and impact of patchy reionization and pressure smoothing on the intergalactic medium

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Probing quasar lifetimes with proximate 21-centimetre absorption in the diffuse intergalactic medium at redshifts z ≥ 6

Probing quasar lifetimes with proximate 21-centimetre absorption in the diffuse intergalactic medium at redshifts z ≥ 6

Possible evidence for a large-scale enhancement in the Lyman-$α$ forest power spectrum at redshift $\mathbf{\textit{z}\geq 4}$

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