The Shipping News Part II: How Canada's Arctic Sovereignty Is on Thinning Ice

Canada, the United States and Arctic Sovereignty: Architecture Without Building?

“…In a touch of irony, Griffiths (2003) sees Canadian articulation of concern as the main threat to sovereignty in that it could encourage action in the north by other states that otherwise might American Review of Canadian Studies 201 not occur. For a counterpoint that emphasizes a real and escalating threat to sovereignty in the Arctic, see Huebert (2003). The jury remains out on this issue, given the time frame of decades required to settle it one way or the other; a middle ground with emphasis on the role of Arctic oil in stimulating gradual but sustained development appears in Lajeunesse (2013).…”

Steering Between Scylla and Charybdis: The Northwest Passage as Territorial Sea

“…However, it is more immediately pressing now, especially in the eyes of Canadians who fear "losing" the Passage to creeping internationalization brought about by its increased use as a transit channel (e.g. Huebert, 2003).…”

“…Canadian authors generally warn that the transit passage regime is legally inappropriate for the Northwest Passage and that its application could bring about an era of unregulated shipping through waters that are environmentally sensitive, culturally significant, and militarily vulnerable (e.g. Byers, 2009;Byers and Lalonde, 2009;Huebert, 2003;Pharand, 2007). Conversely, U.S.-based scholars caution that the internal waters designation could set an unwanted precedent for enclosing key navigational straits around the world (e.g.…”

Policies and practicalities of shipping in arctic waters: Inuit perspectives from Cape Dorset, Nunavut

“…), as well as a number of challenges that will have to be considered and/or overcome (limited shipping season, safety concerns, ice presence year-round, etc.) (ACIA 2004;Bilder 1970;Birchall 2006;Charron 2005;Griffiths, 2004;Headland 2010;Howell et al 2006;Huebert 2001Huebert , 2003ICC-Canada 2008;Johnston 2002;Kubat et al 2006;Pharand 2007). Since the early 1900s, there has been a clear increase in ship travel through the arctic region, specifically the NWP, with the most dramatic increase in the last 30 years (Brigham and Ellis 2004).…”

“…In particular, there has been heightened interest in the historically significant Northwest Passage (NWP) routes through the Arctic Ocean (Bates and Alverson 2010;Huebert 2001Huebert , 2003Kubat et al 2005;Stewart et al 2010) (Figure 1). The southern portion of the NWP has now been open for a fifth year in a row, with the entire passage being open for a period during the summer of 2011 .…”