The short-term effects of running on the deformation of knee articular cartilage and its relationship to biomechanical loads at the knee

Boocock, Mark; McNair, Peter; Cicuttini, Flavia Maria; Stuart, Ami; Sinclair, Thomas R.

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2008.12.010

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In investigations of volumetric cartilage deformation in response to running, two groups (Boocock et al, 2009; Kersting et al, 2005) observed significant post-activity cartilage deformation in lateral tibial cartilage and femoral cartilage. Notably, medial tibial cartilage deformation was not significant in either study (Boocock et al, 2009; Kersting et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of normal gait on in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strains

Lad

Liu

Ganapathy

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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Altered cartilage loading is believed to be associated with osteoarthritis development. However, there are limited data regarding the influence of normal gait, an essential daily loading activity, on cartilage strains. In this study, 8 healthy subjects with no history of knee surgery or injury underwent magnetic resonance imaging of a single knee prior to and following a 20-minute walking activity at approximately 1.1 m/s. Bone and cartilage surfaces were segmented from these images and compiled into 3-dimensional models of the tibia, femur, and associated cartilage. Thickness changes were measured across a grid of evenly spaced points spanning the models of the articular surfaces. Average compartmental strains and local strains were then calculated. Overall compartmental strains after the walking activity were found to be significantly different from zero in all four tibiofemoral compartments, with tibial cartilage strain being significantly larger than femoral cartilage strain. These results provide baseline data regarding the normal tibiofemoral cartilage strain response to gait. Additionally, the technique employed in this study has potential to be used as a “stress test” to understand how factors including age, weight, and injury influence tibiofemoral cartilage strain response, essential information in the development of potential treatment strategies for the prevention of osteoarthritis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of normal gait on in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strains

Lad

Liu

Ganapathy

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…This sustained deformation can be measured using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging immediately before and after loading 11, 13 . Previous studies have used this principle to measure changes in knee cartilage volume as a result of different dynamic activities, including running 8, 20, 21, 30 , drop landings 30 , and knee bends 12 . While these studies contribute important information to the literature, compartmental volumetric changes may not be sensitive to variations in cartilage strain at different locations within the joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Measurement of Localized Tibiofemoral Cartilage Strains in Response to Dynamic Activity

et al. 2014

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Introduction Altered local mechanical loading may disrupt normal cartilage homeostasis and play a role in the progression of osteoarthritis. Currently, there is limited data quantifying local cartilage strains in response to dynamic activity in normal or injured knees. Purpose The purpose of this study was to directly measure local tibiofemoral cartilage strains in response to a dynamic hopping activity in normal healthy knees. We hypothesize that local regions of cartilage will exhibit significant compressive strains in response to hopping, while overall compartmental averages may not. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Both knees of eight healthy subjects were MR imaged before and immediately after a dynamic hopping activity. Images were segmented and then used to create 3D surface models of bone and cartilage. These pre- and post-activity models were then registered using an iterative closest point technique to enable site-specific measurements of cartilage strain (defined as the normalized change in cartilage thickness before and after activity) on the femur and tibia. Results Significant strains were observed in both the medial and lateral tibial cartilage, with each compartment averaging a decrease of 5%. However, these strains varied with location within each compartment, reaching a maximum compressive strain of 8% on the medial plateau and 7% on the lateral plateau. No significant averaged compartmental strains were observed in the medial or lateral femoral cartilage. However, local regions of the medial and lateral femoral cartilage experienced significant compressive strains, reaching maximums of 6% and 3% respectively. Conclusion Local regions of both the femur and tibia experienced significant cartilage strains as a result of dynamic activity. An understanding of changes in cartilage strain distributions may help to elucidate the biomechanical factors contributing to cartilage degeneration after joint injury.

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“…Another possible reason for no thickness change could be the absence of controlling for diurnal effects. Unlike the ankle joint, the knee cartilage generally loses thickness and/or volume even after shorter distance running (5 km-20 km) for both trained and recreational runners [13,15,19,22,44] and all these knee studies made efforts to minimize the diurnal effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have employed MRI to examine pathological, morphological and/or biochemical changes in response to long-distance running, but such studies have mainly focused on the knee joint [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Many of these studies found significant changes including bone marrow edema (BME), joint effusion and cartilage thickness and volume, but such changes seem to return to baseline after a rest period (1 h to 8 weeks) [13,20,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of MR Images of the Ankle and Foot in Response to Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review

Kim¹,

Fern²,

ez³

et al. 2017

Adv Tech Biol Med

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Background: It has remained controversial on whether excessive loadings imposed on the ankle and foot complex during long-distance running have a deleterious effect. The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether long-distance running causes any visible changes of the ankle and foot on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Ovid Medline were searched using key terms in relation to MRI findings of the ankle and foot in response to long-distance running, published between 1990 and 2016. The final search was conducted on 19 September, 2016. Studies were identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Quality Index. Results:The database search initially produced 551 articles and it was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally resulting in four articles. Edema was reported in the talus, tibia, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms. A significant alteration in signal intensity and/or edema was appeared in the calcaneus at the Achilles insertion point, intraosseous and subcutaneous over long-distance running. The diameter of Achilles tendon was also significantly increased. However, when comparing between race finishers and non-finishers, the plantar aponeurosis and subcutaneous were only significantly different, reporting a high rate of edema in non-finishers. Additionally, one study adopted T2* mapping and found significant alteration in T2* values in tibiotalar cartilage, but the value was unexpectedly decreased in the middle of long-distance running. Conclusion:This is the first systematic review to determine the effect of long-distance running on the ankle and foot using MRI. It shows that long-distance running may cause subtle pathological and biochemical changes in the ankle and foot, including the talus, tibia, the distal and proximal group of tarsal bones, 5 th metatarsals, soft tissues and the Achilles tendons. However, there is no evidence that these changes have clinical relevance. Evaluation of MR

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The short-term effects of running on the deformation of knee articular cartilage and its relationship to biomechanical loads at the knee

Cited by 61 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of normal gait on in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strains

Effect of normal gait on in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage strains

In Vivo Measurement of Localized Tibiofemoral Cartilage Strains in Response to Dynamic Activity

Evaluation of MR Images of the Ankle and Foot in Response to Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review

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