Fragmentation of the nuclear non-proliferation regime is less pronounced than in other areas of the international order, but significant challenges exist, including decreasing great power collaboration, persistent nuclear proliferation and increasing discontent among non-nuclear weapon states. In this context, the European Union (EU) plays an important role in orchestrating and supporting financially the work of the institutions of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and ensuring the implementation of stringent export controls in the EU. In its Strategic Compass, the EU reinvigorated its commitment to non-proliferation and arms control. However, it lacks clear policies in two key areas: nuclear disarmament and arms control, where the last US-Russian agreement is suspended and any agreement with China is out of reach.