Background: Preterm neonates are forced into extrauterine existence before the attainment of full development. Supportive developmental measures as kangaroo care and hammock positioning make preterm neonates feel as if they are in the womb, which promote their serenity, relaxation and deep sleep state. Aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative effect of kangaroo mother care versus hammock positioning on physiological indices and behavioral organization among preterm neonates. Subjects and method: A quasi-experimental, pre-posttests, research design was carried out at