Using cotton and lithium ethoxide as raw materials, carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC‐Li) is synthesized and obtained , and it is used as a water‐based binder in the negative electrode of lithium batteries. The synthesis method of a new type of CMC‐Li is mainly studied as a lithium battery negative material binder, and water is used as a dispersant to assemble a battery and the relevant electrochemical performance is tested. CMC‐Li as a lithium‐replenishing binder for lithium batteries has better electrochemical performance. It can reduce the internal resistance of the battery by about 10%, significantly improve the phenomenon of lithium precipitation, the redox peak is reduced by 50% to 0.20 V, and the impedance is also significantly improved, reducing by more than 50%. Under the same conditions, the cycle period can reach 2500 circles, the lifespan is increased by more than 20%, and the effect of lithium supplementation is obvious. It shows that CMC‐Li as a binder can greatly increase the content of lithium ions in the entire lithium battery, and improve the ion conductivity and ion conduction rate, which further verifies the advantages of lithium‐replenishing binders.