The Significance of Brain Transcranial Sonography in Burning Mouth Syndrome: a Pilot Study

Zavoreo, Iris; Boras, Vanja Vučičević; Zadravec, Dijana; Kes, Vanja Bašić; Ciliga, Dubravka; Gabrić, Dragana

doi:10.15644/asc51/1/6

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Zavoreo et al [74] showed that there was a significant difference in echogenicity of the substantia nigra and midbrain raphe (hypoechogenicity) and brain nucleus (hyperechogenicity) in patients with BMS as compared to the controls.…”

Section: Functional Brain Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathic and Psychogenic Components of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Orliaguet

Miséry

2021

Biomolecules

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The pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) has been extensively debated but is poorly understood despite a large number of hypotheses attempting to explain its etiopathogenic mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to systematically review papers that could provide arguments in favour of the neuropathic and psychogenic components of primary BMS for a better understanding of the disease. This systematic review (SR) was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021224160). The search was limited to articles in English or French from 1990 to 01 December 2020. A total of 113 articles were considered for data extraction. We divided them into four subgroups: pharmacological and nonpharmacological management studies (n = 23); neurophysiological studies (n = 35); biohistopathological studies (n = 25); and questionnaire-based studies (n = 30). Several of these studies have shown neuropathic involvement at various levels of the neuraxis in BMS with the contribution of quantitative sensory testing (QST), functional brain imaging, and biohistopathological or pharmacologic studies. On the other hand, the role of psychological factors in BMS has also been the focus of several studies and has shown a link with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and/or depression symptoms. Depending on the patient, the neuropathic and psychogenic components may exist simultaneously, with a preponderance of one or the other, or exist individually. These two components cannot be dissociated to define BMS. Consequently, BMS may be considered nociplastic pain.

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Section: Functional Brain Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathic and Psychogenic Components of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Orliaguet

Miséry

2021

Biomolecules

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“…Hagenberg et al reported a decrease in D2 receptor coupling, which led to a decrease in D1/D2 ratio in the striatum of BMS patients. Clinical reports support this intra‐cranial dopaminergic dysregulation, and some researchers reported comorbidity with Parkinson's disease and, more recently, with restless legs syndrome (RLS) . In addition, some studies reported that the D2 agonist pramipexole alleviated burning mouth symptoms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An updated review on pathophysiology and management of burning mouth syndrome with endocrinological, psychological and neuropathic perspectives

Imamura

Shinozaki

Okada-Ogawa

et al. 2019

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oro-facial pain disorder of unknown cause. It is more common in peri-and post-menopausal women, and sex hormone dysregulation is believed to be an important causative factor. Psychosocial events often trigger or exacerbate symptoms, and persons with BMS appear to be predisposed towards anxiety and depression. Atrophy of small nerve fibres in the tongue epithelium has been reported, and potential neuropathic mechanisms for BMS are now widely investigated. Historically, BMS was thought to comprise endocrinological, psychosocial and neuropathic components. Neuroprotective steroids and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands may have pivotal roles in the peripheral mechanisms associated with atrophy of small nerve fibres. Denervation of chorda tympani nerve fibres that innervate fungiform buds leads to alternative trigeminal innervation, which results in dysgeusia and burning pain when eating hot foods. With regard to the central mechanism of BMS, depletion of neuroprotective steroids alters the brain network-related mood and pain modulation. Peripheral mechanistic studies support the use of topical clonazepam and capsaicin for the management of BMS, and some evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioural therapy. Hormone replacement therapy may address the causes of BMS, although adverse effects prevent its use as a first-line treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may have important benefits, and well-designed controlled studies are expected. Other treatment options to be investigated include brain stimulation and TSPO (translocator protein 18 kDa) ligands. K E Y W O R D Sburning mouth syndrome, central pain modulation, menopause, neuroprotective steroids | 575 IMAMURA et Al. | INTRODUC TI ONBurning mouth symptoms that occurred as secondary phenomena attributable to local conditions 1-9 were previously referred to as "secondary" burning mouth syndrome (BMS), 10 but BMS now refers only to burning symptoms not attributable to local or systemic causes. 11 After excluding such conditions, some common characteristics of BMS are important. Burning sensations are usually bilateral, and intensity fluctuates. 2 The most common site is the tip of the tongue, but pain is often noted at the lateral border of the tongue, lips and hard palate. 12 Affected persons often complain of dysgeusia, 13 which may be accompanied by subjective xerostomia. 14 Peri-and post-menopausal women are predisposed to the condition.Some patients exhibit depressive symptoms and anxiety 15-18 and may express concern regarding the presence of a malignant condition. 10,16 Psychosocial stressors can trigger or worsen pain, 15,19 while eating and drinking usually alleviate pain. 10,20 These manifestations are characteristic features of BMS and should not be excluded as secondary signs or symptoms of primary disease. Agreement on these clinical features yields important clues in understanding the underlying pathoph...

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“…The results of this pilot study revealed hypoechogenicity of the substantia nigra and midbrain raphe, and hyperechogenicity of the brain nucleus in BMS patients when compared to the controls. This finding might reflect central disturbances in patients with BMS 68 . As mentioned earlier, BMS comorbidities are anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 79%

Burning mouth syndrome – a burning enigma

Rogulj

Brzak

Boras

et al. 2021

Med. Flum. (Online)

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Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by an intraoral burning sensation and an absence of oral mucosal lesions and disturbances in laboratory findings. Burning symptoms usually affect the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, its lateral borders, hard palate and labial mucosa, but other oral cavity sites may also be affected. Taste alterations and a decrease in the salivary flow rate frequently accompany the burning symptoms. This condition mostly affects peri- and postmenopausal women. To date, the etiology of BMS remains unclear. This unknown etiology means that no appropriate treatment is currently available. A large number of the treatments and medications have been tried for BMS, but treatment management remains unsatisfactory in some patients. The purpose of this article is to present current knowledge on the treatment of BMS.

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The Significance of Brain Transcranial Sonography in Burning Mouth Syndrome: a Pilot Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Neuropathic and Psychogenic Components of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Neuropathic and Psychogenic Components of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review

An updated review on pathophysiology and management of burning mouth syndrome with endocrinological, psychological and neuropathic perspectives

Burning mouth syndrome – a burning enigma

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