The Significance of COVID-19 Diseases in Lipid Metabolism Pregnancy Women and Newborns

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Elderly people, people with immunodeficiency, autoimmune and malignant diseases, as well as people with chronic diseases have a higher risk of developing more severe forms of the disease. Pregnant women and children can becomesick, although more often they are only the carriers of the virus. Recent studies have indicated that infants can also be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and develop a severe form of the disease with a fatal outcome. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) ina pregnant woman can affect the supply of oxygen to the fetus and initiate the mechanism of metabolic disorders of the fetus and newborn caused by asphyxia. The initial metabolic response of the newborn to the lack of oxygen in the tissues is the activation of anaerobic glycolysis in the tissues and an increase in the concentration of lactate and ketones. Lipid peroxidation, especially in nerve cells, is catalyzed by iron released from hemoglobin, transferrin and ferritin, whose release is induced by tissue acidosis and free oxygen radicals. Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through various pathways, resulting in a decrease in the antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell stress, and finally, death. Conclusion: damage to the mitochondria as a result of lipid peroxidation caused by the COVID-19 disease can cause the death of a newborn and pregnant women as well as short time and long-time sequelae.

Use of CPAP Ventilation in Non-ICU Wards May Influence Outcomes in Patients with Severe Respiratory COVID-19

“…Lipid peroxidation, especially in nerve cells, is catalyzed by iron released from hemoglobin, transferrin and ferritin, whose release is induced by tissue acidosis and free oxygen radicals. Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through various pathways, resulting in a decrease in the antioxidant capacity and the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell stress and, finally, death [6].…”

“…Moreover, as patient numbers increased and medical technician/nurse availability decreased, mortality rates from acute respiratory insufficiency in intensive care units rose as well [6,7]. The purpose of this retrospective study conducted at a single centre was to assess the impact of using the CPAP mode of NIV in non-intensive COVID-19 wards.…”

Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 by Strain: A 30-Day Echocardiographic Follow-Up

“…In such more ill people, lipid peroxidation is catalyzed by iron released from hemoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin, which are released by tissue acidosis and free oxygen radicals. Such ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase, resulting in a decrease in the antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell stress and, finally, death [28].…”

RISING STARS: Mechanistic insights into maternal–fetal cross talk and islet beta-cell development

“…Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in the placenta of infected women, leading to increased immune infiltration as well as increased expression of chemokines and inflammatory markers ( Argueta et al 2022 ). Additionally, in some cases, maternal COVID-19 infection associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome has been linked with altered metabolic response in the fetus due to the lack of oxygen transfer ( Jovandaric et al 2022 ). Sexual dimorphic responses of the placenta to COVID-19 infection with increased impact on male placental and neonatal immunity has been reported ( Bordt et al 2021 ).…”