The significance of early detection of parathyroid adenoma

Abstract

Introduction. Parathyroid adenoma is the leading cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in 85% of cases, followed by multiglandular hyperplasia (15%) and parathyroid carcinoma (1%). Clinical complications can manifest in the bones, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, heart, and can also lead to mental disorders and altered consciousness, including coma. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. However, for patients who do not meet the criteria for surgery or choose to avoid it, medical management is provided. Case Report. A 52-year-old female patient presented in late 2019 with a visible, firm, irregular mass above the right clavicle. Initial bone marker tests raised suspicion of a parathyroid adenoma. The COVID-19 pandemic caused delays in further specialized examinations and postponed surgical treatment. The referring physician scheduled a parathyroid scintigraphy while awaiting an endocrinologist?s evaluation. Surgery was eventually performed in March 2023. Despite consistently elevated parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium levels, the patient avoided potential complications due to continuous monitoring by her referring physician. Conclusion. Early diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma reduces the risk of complications and improves the quality of life for patients.