The Significance of Exosomal RNAs in the Development, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastric Cancer

Zhao, Guiping; Zhou, Anni; Li, Xiao; Zhu, Shoumin; Wang, Yongjun; Zhang, Shutian; P, Li

doi:10.3390/genes12010073

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…A recent study suggested that TDEs carrying programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) retain immunosuppressive activity by downregulating T-cell surface CD69. 142 Recent research has shown that EVs produced by tumor cells also exhibit significant PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand) expression levels. PD-L1 greatly influences immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance on EVs, which can attach directly to PD-1 on T cells.…”

Section: Sources Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

Kumar,

Baba,

Sadida

et al. 2024

Sig Transduct Target Ther

128

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.

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Section: Sources Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

Kumar,

Baba,

Sadida

et al. 2024

Sig Transduct Target Ther

128

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show abstract

“…PDAC-derived sEVs contain different forms of RNAs, including micro RNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). [54,55] RNAs in sEVs have been extensively studied, due to their critical roles in regulating almost all aspects of cancer-related metabolism and function. [56] Among these RNAs, miRNAs are the most studied target for cancer diagnosis/prognosis, whereas other RNAs may also act as potential biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis/prognosis.…”

Section: Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles: emerging biomarkers and therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis/prognosis and treatment

Zhang

Campbell²,

Walsh³

et al. 2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide with high mortality, which is mainly due to the lack of reliable biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis/prognosis in the early stages and effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment. Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which carry various messages and signal biomolecules (e.g. RNAs, DNAs, proteins, lipids, and glycans) to constitute the key features (e.g. genetic and phenotypic status) of cancer cells, are regarded as highly competitive non-invasive biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis/prognosis. Additionally, new insights on the biogenesis and molecular functions of cancer-derived sEVs pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies based on cancer-derived sEVs for PDAC treatment such as inhibition of the formation or secretion of cancer-derived sEVs, using cancer-derived sEVs as drug carriers and for immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent scientific and clinical research on the discovery and involvement of key molecules in cancer-derived sEVs for PDAC diagnosis/prognosis and strategies using cancer-derived sEVs for PDAC treatment. The current limitations and emerging trends toward clinical application of cancer-derived sEVs in PDAC diagnosis/prognosis and treatment have also been discussed.

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“…Meanwhile, circRNAs are specific biomarkers for certain cancers [120]. The relationship between exosomal circRNA and tumor diagnosis was mainly concentrated in the diagnosis of lung cancer and breast cancer [121]. Zhu et al determined that the presence of hsa-circ-0013958 in the plasma of lung cancer patients was positively correlated with tumor metastasis, and it could be used as a biomarker for functional diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer [122].…”

Section: Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer

Zhou

Zhang

Gong

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes can participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting tumor proliferation and progression. Due to the extensive enrollment in cancer development, exosomes have become a focus of the search for a new therapeutic method for cancer. Exosomes can be utilized for the therapeutic delivery of small molecules, proteins and RNAs to target cancer cells with a high efficiency. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In this review, we elaborate on the specific mechanism by which exosomes affect the communication between tumors and the microenvironment and state the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancers.

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The Significance of Exosomal RNAs in the Development, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastric Cancer

Cited by 17 publications

References 130 publications

Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles: emerging biomarkers and therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis/prognosis and treatment

The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer

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