The Significance of Facial Skin Temperature in the Chemical Heat Regulation of Premature Infants

Mestyán, J; Járai, I.; Bata, G; Fekete, M

doi:10.1159/000239927

Cited by 51 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Abdominal skin temperature was measured with a thermistor probe taped to the mid-epigastrium, beside but not touching the se~ocontrol probe. Cheek skin temperature was monitored to assure that facial temperature was not changing sufficiently to alter the rate of oxygen consumption (24). Heel skin temperature was monitored with a probe taped to the heel pad.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Double-Walled Incubator Alters the Partition of Body Heat Loss of Premature Infants

Bell

Rios

1983

Pediatr Res

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Double-Walled Incubator Alters the Partition of Body Heat Loss of Premature Infants

Bell

Rios

1983

Pediatr Res

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“…Skadberg and T. Markestad, personal observation). The additional rise in peripheral skin temperature observed after covering the head may reflect a combined effect from the cover itself because the head is the main route of heat loss in young infants, [32][33][34][35][36] and the increase in metabolic rate attributable to hyperventilation from CO 2 rebreathing. This is further supported by the circulatory response with a rise in heart rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Getting the Head Covered During Sleep in Infancy

Skadberg

Markestad

1997

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To study the consequences of getting the head covered by bedding (fiber quilt) on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) accumulation around the face, behavior, and physiologic responses during prone and supine sleep in infants to add understanding to why victims of sudden infant death syndrome are often found under the bedding.Methodology. Of 33 healthy term, usually nonprone sleeping infants, behavior and computerized polysomnography were successfully recorded for 30 during prone and supine sleep at 2 1 ⁄2 months and for 23 prone and 25 supine at 5 months.Results. For both ages and body positions, covering the head resulted in significant CO 2 accumulation around the face, fewer apneas (3 to 10 seconds), shorter duration of apneas after sighs, higher heart and respiratory rates, and peripheral skin temperature. Differences were generally greater at 2 1 ⁄2 than at 5 months. While covered, the prone position was associated with higher CO 2 levels close to the face, slightly higher transcutaneous PCO 2 , and higher heart rates and peripheral skin temperatures than the supine position. In the supine position 23% were able to remove the cover from the head at 2 1 ⁄2 and 60% at 5 months, whereas only 1 infant of 5 months managed to remove the cover when prone.Conclusions. The observed responses are consistent with a potential for distress when the head is covered, particularly when placed prone. Probably most important with respect to sudden infant death syndrome is the infants' inability to remove the bedding from the head upon awakening from prone sleep. Pediatrics 1997;100(2). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/100/2/e6; behavior, CO 2 rebreathing, hyperthermia, SIDS, sleeping position. 3 Although the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere is .03% to .04%, the exhaled air of infants contains 4% to 5% CO 2 , 4 and it has been speculated that under certain conditions, such as sleeping face down on soft bedding, extensive CO 2 accumulation around the infant's face may result in rebreathing, asphyxia, and suffocation. 3,5,6 The possibility of CO 2 rebreathing has mainly been studied in experimental in vitro and animal models, 3,5-10 whereas studies in infants are limited. 11-13We have previously shown that a significant number of SIDS victims are found with their head covered by bedding and usually in the prone position.14 The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of getting the head covered by bedding on CO 2 accumulation around the face, behavior, and physiologic responses in sleeping infants, and to compare outcome measures for the prone and supine sleeping positions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS SubjectsThirty-three infants (17 girls and 16 boys) were recruited for an overnight sleep study both at 2 1 ⁄2 (mean, 74 days; range, 71 to 79 days) and 5 (mean, 152 days; range, 147 to 158 days) months of age. The ages were chosen to correspond with the age of highest risk for SIDS (2 1 ⁄2 months) and a period of significantly lower risk (5 months) in Norway. 15 Only t...

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“…In our infants who were kept warm, the trigeminus region, being an important thermoreccptive area [11,17], was especially protected from cooling at birth, with the hope of suppressing cold-induced sympathetic activity. Possibly, this aim was reached to some extent, as the warmed infants demonstrated significantly lower levels of plasma FFA than the cooled ones already in the cord 2 min after birth: that is, before any appreciable reduction in the blood flow there should occur [25], Moreover, on the one hand, there was good correspondence between the mean umbilical levels of FFA of our cooled babies and the levels observed earlier in infants born into room temperature [7,13,18], On the other hand, the mean umbilical values of our warmed infants and those of the earlier work on infants protected from cooling [15] were in agreement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Fatty Acids, Glycerol, Glucose and β-Hydroxybutyrate of Plasma of Infants Protected from Cooling and Exposed to Cold at Various Times after Birth

Přibylová¹,

Rylander²

1972

Neonatology

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The Significance of Facial Skin Temperature in the Chemical Heat Regulation of Premature Infants

Cited by 51 publications

References 1 publication

A Double-Walled Incubator Alters the Partition of Body Heat Loss of Premature Infants

A Double-Walled Incubator Alters the Partition of Body Heat Loss of Premature Infants

Consequences of Getting the Head Covered During Sleep in Infancy

Free Fatty Acids, Glycerol, Glucose and β-Hydroxybutyrate of Plasma of Infants Protected from Cooling and Exposed to Cold at Various Times after Birth

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