The Significance of Fish and Fish-oil Enriched Food for Prevention and Therapy of Ischaemic Cardiovascular Disease

Hornstra, Gerard

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-718051-9.50009-3

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 386 publications

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“…There is some debate among researchers as to whether in vitro platelet aggregation in whole blood or using platelet-rich plasma is more appropriate. Whole blood aggregation may represent more closely in vivo conditions since leucocytes and erythrocytes, which can down-regulate platelet reactivity and enhance platelet activation, respectively, are not excluded from the process of aggregation (Hornstra, 1989;Marcus & Safier, 1993). Conflicting data may also arise from differences in dietary sources of stearic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term diets enriched in stearic or palmitic acids do not alter plasma lipids, platelet aggregation or platelet activation status

et al. 2002

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Objective: To determine whether healthy males who consumed increased amounts of dietary stearic acid compared with increased dietary palmitic acid through the consumption of commercially available foods, exhibited any changes in plasma lipids, platelet aggregation or platelet activation status. Design: A randomised cross-over dietary intervention. Subjects and interventions: Nine free-living healthy males consumed two experimental diets (stearic acid enriched, diet S, and palmitic acid enriched, diet P) for 3 weeks in a randomised cross-over design separated by a 3 week washout phase. The diets consisted of $ 30% of energy as fat (30% of which was derived from the treatment diets) providing $ 13 g=day as stearic acid and 17 g=day as palmitic acid on diet S and $ 7 g=day as stearic acid and 22 g=day as palmitic acid on diet P. The dietary ratio of stearic to palmitic acids was 0.76 on diet S compared with 0.31 on diet P. Blood samples were collected on days 0 and 21 of each dietary period. Results: LDL cholesterol levels and platelet aggregation response to the agonist ADP were significantly decreased (P < 0.025) in subjects on diet S compared with day 0. Apart from that, there were no significant changes in plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, mean platelet volume and platelet reactivity between diets. There were no significant changes in stearic or palmitic acid levels in plasma phospholipid or triacylglycerol. There was a significant difference in palmitic acid levels in platelet phospholipids between the two diets. Conclusions: Use of commonly available foods led to a 27% increase in stearic acid (diet S) and a 19% increase in palmitic acid (diet P), on diets S and P respectively, and no significant differences between the two diets in plasma lipoprotein concentrations, platelet aggregation or platelet activation status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term diets enriched in stearic or palmitic acids do not alter plasma lipids, platelet aggregation or platelet activation status

et al. 2002

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“…At the sites where the columns and rows meet the known effects of n-3 fatty acids are mentioned. These effects, particularly the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the lengthening of bleeding time, have been reviewed several times [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and we have therefore limited ourselves to discuss the effect of fish oil on the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis in different in vivo animal models and to review the effect of fish oil on restenosis following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.…”

Section: F I S H Oil a N D F A C T O R S A F F E C T I N G A T H E R mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data do also not differentiate between native Greenlanders (80%) and Danes. The establishment of a computerized death register for Greenland has yielded a more specified judgment of the mortality data [2] and ischemic heart disease as a cause of mortality indeed seems to be lower among Eskimos living in Greenland (6.7% among males aged [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] than among Eskimos living in Denmark (32.8%) in the years 1979-1983. These findings have been attributed to the dietary habits of the Greenland Eskimos who traditionally consume about 400 g of seal and fish per day.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fish oil and the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis

Sassen

Lamers

Verdouw

1994

Cardiovasc Drug Ther

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Summary. Epidemiological studies in the seventies have put forward that dietary rather than genetic factors are responsible for the lower incidence of ischemic heart disease in Greenland Inuit and have generated a large body of both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, exploring the putative favorable effects of fish (oil) on atherogenesis and its risk factors. The first part of this report reviews the in vivo animal studies, concentrating on the hypercholesterolemic models and the arterialized vein graft model. In the hypercholesterolemic animal studies, the results are inconclusive as the studies reporting a protective effect are matched by the number of studies showing no effect or an adverse effect. The diversity in species, dose of fish oil, duration of study, type of vessel studied and type of fish oil preparation (content of n-3 fatty acids, unesterified n-3 fatty acids, ethylesters or triglyceridcs) could all contribute. Furthermore, the definitions and criteria used in the literature to evaluate atherogenesis are diverse and it appears that while one parameter is affected, another is not necessarily modified in the same direction, stressing the importance of extending the analysis of the effects on atherogenesis to more than one parameter. We also believe that it is time to reach a consensus as to which animal model mimicks most closely a particular human situation. Only in appropriate models, investigating more than one atherosclerosis variable, can the effects of a putative anti-atherogenic drug or diet be verified. In the veno-arterial autograft model, mimicking the patient after coronary bypass grafting, dietary fish oil has been consistently effective in preventing accelerated graft intima proliferation. It could therefore be of interest to evaluate the effects of fish oil on graft patency in patients after coronary bypass surgery after a period of years.The results from studies on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are also reviewed and it is concluded that the two large scale trials, that are currently underway, might reliably answer the question whether fish oil is effective as a non-pharmacological adjuvants in the prevention of restenosis.Lastly, the studies on the effects of fish oil on the regression of experimental atherosclerosis are reviewed. In view of the small number of studies (i.e., four) investigating the effects of fish oil on the regression of atherosclerosis, it is premature to draw any conclusion, and therefore further experimental work is required.

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“…Many studies have been conducted on support of various effects of fish oil. It is suggested that fish oil contain long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid [6] more specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which have a great benefit for cardiac health [7] ,controlling blood glucose [8] reduction of arterial disease [9]. Fish oil containing ω-3 PUFAs is more effective than the vegetable oil (ω-6 PUFAs) in reduction of lipid profile in human [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficiency of Hilsha Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Disease and Hepatic Disease Marker in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Munira¹,

Asaduzzaman²,

M³

2015

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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Hypercholesterolemia is a clinical situation characterized by the elevated serum cholesterol and associated with the higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of hilsha fish (Tenualosa ilisha) oil on diet-induced hypercholesterolemic (HC) albino mice. Mice were divided in three groups consisting each of six mice : control group, HC control group (fed the basal diet containing 1.5% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid) and the other group of mice fed the same previous hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with hilsha fish oil (HFO) 5%. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol-TC, low density lipoprotein-LDL, high density lipoprotein-HDL, triglyceride-TG and very low density lipoprotein-VLDL) were determined using commercial kits. After treatment with HFO a potential antilipidemic effect was observed as TC, TG, LDL, VLDL showed significant (p<0.001) decrease whereas HDL showed significant increase (p<0.001) compared to the HC control group. The SGPT, SGOT and CRP were also significantly decrease (p<0.001). Therefore HFO might have hepatoprotective activity. Regarding liver tissue extract, the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased significantly in treated mice. Gas chromatography (GC)-MS analysis of HFO showed that it contained a high amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) especially EPA and DHA. These Omega-3 fatty acids have an indicative effect to reduce the risk of CVD and other chronic diseases. From the above findings, it can be concluded that HFO has a potential benefit in the treatment of CVD and play a role in its management as well as in reducing the risk of CVD associated hepatic complications. B io lo g y and M e d ic in e

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The Significance of Fish and Fish-oil Enriched Food for Prevention and Therapy of Ischaemic Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 386 publications

Short-term diets enriched in stearic or palmitic acids do not alter plasma lipids, platelet aggregation or platelet activation status

Short-term diets enriched in stearic or palmitic acids do not alter plasma lipids, platelet aggregation or platelet activation status

Fish oil and the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis

Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficiency of Hilsha Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Disease and Hepatic Disease Marker in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

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